Additional file 1: of Incidence of medically attended influenza among residents of Shai-Osudoku and Ningo-Prampram Districts, Ghana, May 2013 – April 2015

Figure SA. Enrolment process for severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and influenza like illness (ILI) in Shai-Osudoku and Ningo-Prampram Districts, Ghana, 2013-2015. (DOCX 34 kb

A: Changes in antibody avidity as measured by LAg-Avidity EIA post-seroconversion for all 259 seroconversion panels.

<p>For the purpose of these plots, midpoint of last negative and first positive dates for each panel was used as the seroconversion date to calculate days post-seroconversion (X-axis). B: Changes in avidity for 176 panels after exclusion of suboptimal panels as required by some methods. C: Changes in avidity as depicted for suboptimal panels that were excluded for some methods.</p

Summary of 7 different methods used for determination of mean duration of recent infection (MDRI, in days with 95% CI) at varying cutoffs on LAg-Avidity EIA with corresponding level of proportion false recent (PFR) classification.

<p>See Methods section for further details of different methods used^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114947#t002fn002" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p><p>*Methods 1 = Balanced time & 0,w and w,365, midpoint SC; 2 = Balanced time & 0,w and w,365, uniform SC; 3 = Non-Parametric MLE; 4 = Linear Interpolation; 5 = Binomial Regression (A); 6 = Binomial Regression (B); 7 = Individual SC Panel Regression. See Methods section for further details.</p><p>Summary of 7 different methods used for determination of mean duration of recent infection (MDRI, in days with 95% CI) at varying cutoffs on LAg-Avidity EIA with corresponding level of proportion false recent (PFR) classification.</p

Country of origin, subtypes and specimens information for the seroconversion panels used in the study.

<p>Country of origin, subtypes and specimens information for the seroconversion panels used in the study.</p

Mean duration of recency at cutoff ODn of 1.5 by subtype or geographic region as determined by bionomial regression method that uses all specimens without any exclusion criteria.

<p>Closed diamonds represent MDRI for different subtypes and vertical lines represent upper and lower 95% CI. The horizontal line represents overall mean MDRI of 130 days.</p

Close-up view of changes in avidity with overlap of MDRI at cutoffs of 1.0 to 2.0 as determined by binomial regression method.

<p>The red lines represent 95% bounds around MDRI.</p

Crude proportion of respiratory samples from hospitalized children testing positive for influenza by age group, study design, and population.

<p>Crude proportion of respiratory samples from hospitalized children testing positive for influenza by age group, study design, and population.</p

Flow diagram for systematic review process.

<p>Flow diagram for systematic review process.</p

Characteristics of published studies and surveillance data sources about influenza-associated respiratory illness among hospitalized children, 1982–2012.

<p>Characteristics of published studies and surveillance data sources about influenza-associated respiratory illness among hospitalized children, 1982–2012.</p

Pooled estimates of global pediatric influenza-associated hospitalizations per year, by age group, development status, and WHO region, among studies using PCR diagnostic testing.

<p>Pooled estimates of global pediatric influenza-associated hospitalizations per year, by age group, development status, and WHO region, among studies using PCR diagnostic testing.</p