Proteomic Analysis of Colon Tissue from Interleukin-10 Gene-Deficient Mice Fed Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Comparison to Transcriptomic Analysis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by intestinal inflammation and is believed to involve complex interactions between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. We measured changes in the proteome associated with bacterially induced intestinal inflammation in the interleukin 10 gene-deficient (<i>Il10</i>^{<i>–/–</i>}) mouse model of IBD, established effects of the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-6 arachidonic acid (AA) on protein expression (using oleic acid as a control fatty acid), and compared these changes with previously observed transcriptome changes in the same model. Ingenuity pathways analysis of proteomics data showed bacterially induced inflammation was associated with reduced expression of proteins from pathways of metabolism and digestion/absorption/excretion of nutrients/ions, and increased expression of cellular stress and immune response proteins. Both PUFA treatments showed anti-inflammatory activity; EPA appeared to act via the PPARα pathway, whereas AA appeared to increase energy metabolism and cytoskeletal organization and reduce cellular stress responses, possibly enabling a more robust response to inflammation. While there was agreement between proteomic and transcriptomic data with respect to pathways, there was limited concordance between individual gene and protein data, reflecting the importance of having both gene and protein data to better understand complex diseases such as IBD

Proteomic Analysis of Colon Tissue from Interleukin-10 Gene-Deficient Mice Fed Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Comparison to Transcriptomic Analysis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by intestinal inflammation and is believed to involve complex interactions between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. We measured changes in the proteome associated with bacterially induced intestinal inflammation in the interleukin 10 gene-deficient (<i>Il10</i>^{<i>–/–</i>}) mouse model of IBD, established effects of the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-6 arachidonic acid (AA) on protein expression (using oleic acid as a control fatty acid), and compared these changes with previously observed transcriptome changes in the same model. Ingenuity pathways analysis of proteomics data showed bacterially induced inflammation was associated with reduced expression of proteins from pathways of metabolism and digestion/absorption/excretion of nutrients/ions, and increased expression of cellular stress and immune response proteins. Both PUFA treatments showed anti-inflammatory activity; EPA appeared to act via the PPARα pathway, whereas AA appeared to increase energy metabolism and cytoskeletal organization and reduce cellular stress responses, possibly enabling a more robust response to inflammation. While there was agreement between proteomic and transcriptomic data with respect to pathways, there was limited concordance between individual gene and protein data, reflecting the importance of having both gene and protein data to better understand complex diseases such as IBD

Anti-Inflammatory Procyanidins and Triterpenes in 109 Apple Varieties

We evaluated the potential of apple to reduce inflammation. Phenolic compounds and triterpenes were analyzed in 109 apple cultivars. Total phenolics ranged from 29 to 7882 μg g^–1 of fresh weight (FW) in the flesh and from 733 to 4868 μg g^–1 FW in the skin, with flavanols including epicatechin and procyanidins as major components. Ursolic (44.7 to 3522 μg g^–1 FW) and oleanolic (47.2 to 838 μg g^–1 FW) acids dominated the skin triterpene profile. Five chemically contrasting cultivars were fractionated and their immune-modulating activity measured using two cell-based assays targeting key points in the inflammation process. Cultivars exhibiting high contents of procyanidins were the most potent at inhibiting NF-κB while triterpene-rich fractions reduced the promoter activity of the gene of TNFα. This study provides new insights into how apple genetic diversity could be used to alleviate inflammation