Rochester Fair Rag

Oval photograph of a man in a suit and tie.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/5067/thumbnail.jp

In silico exploration of Red Sea Bacillus genomes for natural product biosynthetic gene clusters

Background: The increasing spectrum of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major global public health concern, necessitating discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Here, members of the genus Bacillus are investigated as a potentially attractive source of novel antibiotics due to their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. We specifically focus on a computational analysis of the distinctive biosynthetic potential of Bacillus paralicheniformis strains isolated from the Red Sea, an ecosystem exposed to adverse, highly saline and hot conditions. Results: We report the complete circular and annotated genomes of two Red Sea strains, B. paralicheniformis Bac48 isolated from mangrove mud and B. paralicheniformis Bac84 isolated from microbial mat collected from Rabigh Harbor Lagoon in Saudi Arabia. Comparing the genomes of B. paralicheniformis Bac48 and B. paralicheniformis Bac84 with nine publicly available complete genomes of B. licheniformis and three genomes of B. paralicheniformis, revealed that all of the B. paralicheniformis strains in this study are more enriched in nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). We further report the first computationally identified trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase (PKS/ NRPS) cluster in strains of this species. Conclusions:B. paralicheniformis species have more genes associated with biosynthesis of antimicrobial bioactive compounds than other previously characterized species of B. licheniformis, which suggests that these species are better potential sources for novel antibiotics. Moreover, the genome of the Red Sea strain B. paralicheniformis Bac48 is more enriched in modular PKS genes compared to B. licheniformis strains and other B. paralicheniformis strains. This may be linked to adaptations that strains surviving in the Red Sea underwent to survive in the relatively hot and saline ecosystems

Convulsive status epilepticus after ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage: frequency, predictors, and impact on outcome in a large administrative dataset.

OBJECTIVE: Relatively little is known about the epidemiology of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. We examined the occurrence of GCSE in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using a large discharge database. METHODS: Data were derived from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 1994-2002. Using the appropriate ICD-9-CM codes, patients admitted through the emergency room with a diagnosis of AIS or ICH were selected for analysis. From these patients, those coded as having GCSE were identified. Multivariate logistic regression was performed using clinical elements available in the database to identify independent predictors of GCSE. The association between GCSE and various outcome measures was also assessed. RESULTS: The cohort included 718,531 hospitalizations with AIS and 102,763 with ICH. GCSE developed in 1,415 (0.2%) of the AIS cohort and 266 (0.3%) of the ICH cohort. For the AIS cohort, female sex, African American race, renal disease, alcohol abuse, sodium imbalance, and hemorrhagic transformation were associated with higher rates, while increasing age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were associated with lower rates of GCSE. For the ICH cohort, African American and Hispanic race, renal disease, coagulopathy, brain tumor, alcohol abuse, and sodium imbalance were associated with higher rates, while increasing age and hypertension were associated with lower rates of GCSE. GCSE was associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: GCSE is a rare but serious complication in the setting of acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage

Convulsive status epilepticus after ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage: frequency, predictors, and impact on outcome in a large administrative dataset

Relatively little is known about the epidemiology of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. We examined the occurrence of GCSE in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using a large discharge database. Data were derived from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 1994-2002. Using the appropriate ICD-9-CM codes, patients admitted through the emergency room with a diagnosis of AIS or ICH were selected for analysis. From these patients, those coded as having GCSE were identified. Multivariate logistic regression was performed using clinical elements available in the database to identify independent predictors of GCSE. The association between GCSE and various outcome measures was also assessed. The cohort included 718,531 hospitalizations with AIS and 102,763 with ICH. GCSE developed in 1,415 (0.2%) of the AIS cohort and 266 (0.3%) of the ICH cohort. For the AIS cohort, female sex, African American race, renal disease, alcohol abuse, sodium imbalance, and hemorrhagic transformation were associated with higher rates, while increasing age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were associated with lower rates of GCSE. For the ICH cohort, African American and Hispanic race, renal disease, coagulopathy, brain tumor, alcohol abuse, and sodium imbalance were associated with higher rates, while increasing age and hypertension were associated with lower rates of GCSE. GCSE was associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes. GCSE is a rare but serious complication in the setting of acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus after nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: the nationwide inpatient sample.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of and impact on outcome of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) among patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a database of admissions to nonfederal United States hospitals between 1994 and 2002, for this study. From this database, we identified all adult patients with nontraumatic SAH who were admitted through the emergency department. Independent predictors of GCSE and mortality were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine whether GCSE was independently associated with increased cost and/or duration of hospitalization. RESULTS: Among the 29,998 patients hospitalized with nontraumatic SAH, GCSE was reported to occur in 0.2% of patients (N = 73 patients). GCSE occurred more frequently among those in the youngest tertiale (49 years old or younger; odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-5.1), those with renal disease (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-8.8), and those who did not undergo a neurosurgical procedure involving a craniotomy (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.8). GCSE was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality (48% versus 33% of patients; odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.4; P = 0.002) and longer (9 versus 7 days; P = 0.016) and more expensive (US $39,677 versus US$26,686; P = 0.007) hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: GCSE rarely complicates SAH; however, it is associated with increased patient mortality, length of hospital stay, and cost. GCSE occurs more frequently in young patients, those with a history of renal disease, and patients who do not undergo a craniotomy

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus after nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: the nationwide inpatient sample

To identify the frequency of and impact on outcome of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) among patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a database of admissions to nonfederal United States hospitals between 1994 and 2002, for this study. From this database, we identified all adult patients with nontraumatic SAH who were admitted through the emergency department. Independent predictors of GCSE and mortality were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine whether GCSE was independently associated with increased cost and/or duration of hospitalization. Among the 29,998 patients hospitalized with nontraumatic SAH, GCSE was reported to occur in 0.2% of patients (N = 73 patients). GCSE occurred more frequently among those in the youngest tertiale (49 years old or younger; odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-5.1), those with renal disease (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-8.8), and those who did not undergo a neurosurgical procedure involving a craniotomy (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.8). GCSE was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality (48% versus 33% of patients; odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.4; P = 0.002) and longer (9 versus 7 days; P = 0.016) and more expensive (US $39,677 versus US$26,686; P = 0.007) hospitalizations. GCSE rarely complicates SAH; however, it is associated with increased patient mortality, length of hospital stay, and cost. GCSE occurs more frequently in young patients, those with a history of renal disease, and patients who do not undergo a craniotomy