6 research outputs found
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction according to the HFA-PEFF score in COVID-19 patients: clinical correlates and echocardiographic findings
Aims: Viral-induced cardiac inflammation can induce heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)-like syndromes. COVID-19 can lead to myocardial damage and vascular injury. We hypothesised that COVID-19 patients frequently develop a HFpEF-like syndrome, and designed this study to explore this.
Methods and results: Cardiac function was assessed in 64 consecutive, hospitalized, and clinically stable COVID-19 patients from April-November 2020 with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) â„50% (age 56 ± 19 years, females: 31%, severe COVID-19 disease: 69%). To investigate likelihood of HFpEF presence, we used the HFA-PEFF score. A low (0-1 points), intermediate (2-4 points), and high (5-6 points) HFA-PEFF score was observed in 42%, 33%, and 25% of patients, respectively. In comparison, 64 subjects of similar age, sex, and comorbidity status without COVID-19 showed these scores in 30%, 66%, and 4%, respectively (between groups: P = 0.0002). High HFA-PEFF scores were more frequent in COVID-19 patients than controls (25% vs. 4%, P = 0.001). In COVID-19 patients, the HFA-PEFF score significantly correlated with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), haemoglobin, QTc interval, LVEF, mitral E/A ratio, and H2 FPEF score (all P < 0.05). In multivariate, ordinal regression analyses, higher age and hsTnT were significant predictors of increased HFA-PEFF scores. Patients with myocardial injury (hsTnT â„14 ng/L: 31%) vs. patients without myocardial injury, showed higher HFA-PEFF scores [median 5 (interquartile range 3-6) vs. 1 (0-3), P < 0.001] and more often showed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (75% vs. 27%, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients frequently show high likelihood of presence of HFpEF that is associated with cardiac structural and functional alterations, and myocardial injury. Detailed cardiac assessments including echocardiographic determination of left ventricular diastolic function and biomarkers should become routine in the care of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
New Echocardiographic Findings Correlate with Intramyocardial Inflammation in Endomyocardial Biopsies of Patients with Acute Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy
Background. The diagnosis of acute myocarditis (AMC) and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi) can be difficult. Speckle tracking echocardiography with accurate assessments of regional contractility could have an outstanding importance for the diagnosis. Methods and Results. N=25 patients with clinically diagnosed AMC who underwent endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) were studied prospectively. Speckle tracking imaging was examined at the beginning and during a mean follow-up period of 6.2 months. In the acute phase patients had markedly decreased left ventricular (LV) systolic function (mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 40.4±10.3%). At follow-up in n=8 patients, inflammation persists, correlating with a significantly reduced fractional shortening (FS, 21.5±6.0%) in contrast to those without inflammation in EMB (FS 32.1±7.1%, P<0.05). All AMC patients showed a reduction in global systolic longitudinal strain (LS, â8.36±â3.47%) and strain rate (LSR, 0.53±0.29â1/s). At follow-up, LS and LRS were significantly lower in patients with inflammation, in contrast to patients without inflammation (â9.4±1.4 versus â16.8±2.0%, P<0.0001; 0.78±0.4 versus 1.3±0.3â1/s). LSR and LS correlate significantly with lymphocytic infiltrates (for CD3 r=0.7, P<0.0001, and LFA-1 r=0.8, P<0.0001). Conclusion. Speckle tracking echocardiography is a useful adjunctive assisting tool for evaluation over the course of intramyocardial inflammation in patients with AMC and DCMi
Utility of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Diastolic Function in Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction
Non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease by quantitative stress echocardiography: optimal diagnostic models using off-line tissue Doppler in the MYDISE study
Hand grip strength in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective study
Abstract Background Hand grip strength (HGS) is a widely used functional test for the assessment of strength and functional status in patients with cancer, in particular with cancer cachexia. The aim was to prospectively evaluate the prognostic value of HGS in patients with mostly advanced cancer with and without cachexia and to establish reference values for a Europeanâbased population. Methods In this prospective study, 333 patients with cancer (85% stage III/IV) and 65 healthy controls of similar age and sex were enrolled. None of the study participants had significant cardiovascular disease or active infection at baseline. Repetitive HGS assessment was performed using a hand dynamometer to measure the maximal HGS (kilograms). Presence of cancer cachexia was defined when patients had â„5% weight loss within 6 months or when body mass index was <20.0 kg/m2 with â„2% weight loss (Fearon's criteria). Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to assess the relationship of maximal HGS to allâcause mortality and to determine cutâoffs for HGS with the best predictive power. We also assessed associations with additional relevant clinical and functional outcome measures at baseline, including anthropometric measures, physical function (Karnofsky Performance Status and Eastern Cooperative of Oncology Group), physical activity (4âm gait speed test and 6âmin walk test), patientâreported outcomes (EQâ5Dâ5L and Visual Analogue Scale appetite/pain) and nutrition status (Mini Nutritional Assessment). Results The mean age was 60 ± 14 years; 163 (51%) were female, and 148 (44%) had cachexia at baseline. Patients with cancer showed 18% lower HGS than healthy controls (31.2 ± 11.9 vs. 37.9 ± 11.6 kg, P < 0.001). Patients with cancer cachexia had 16% lower HGS than those without cachexia (28.3 ± 10.1 vs. 33.6 ± 12.3 kg, P < 0.001). Patients with cancer were followed for a mean of 17 months (range 6â50), and 182 (55%) patients died during followâup (2âyear mortality rate 53%) (95% confidence interval 48â59%). Reduced maximal HGS was associated with increased mortality (per â5 kg; hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 1.10â1.28; P < 0.0001; independently of age, sex, cancer stage, cancer entity and presence of cachexia). HGS was also a predictor of mortality in patients with cachexia (per â5 kg; HR 1.20; 1.08â1.33; P = 0.001) and without cachexia (per â5 kg; HR 1.18; 1.04â1.34; P = 0.010). The cutâoff for maximal HGS with the best predictive power for poor survival was <25.1 kg for females (sensitivity 54%, specificity 63%) and <40.2 kg for males (sensitivity 69%, specificity 68%). Conclusions Reduced maximal HGS was associated with higher allâcause mortality, reduced overall functional status and decreased physical performance in patients with mostly advanced cancer. Similar results were found for patients with and without cancer cachexia
Patientâreported ability to walk 4Â m and to wash: New clinical endpoints and predictors of survival in patients with preâterminal cancer
Abstract Background Maintaining the ability to perform selfâcare is a critical goal in patients with cancer. We assessed whether the patientâreported ability to walk 4 m and wash oneself predict survival in patients with preâterminal cancer. Methods We performed a prospective observational study on 169 consecutive hospitalized patients with cancer (52% female, 64 ± 12 years) and an estimated 1â12 months prognosis at an academic, inpatient palliative care unit. Patients answered functional questions for âtodayâ, âlast weekâ, and âlast monthâ, performed patientâreported outcomes (PROs), and physical function assessments. Results Ninetyâtwo (54%) patients reported the ability to independently walk 4 m and 100 (59%) to wash âtodayâ. The median number of days patients reported the ability to walk 4 m and wash were 6 (IQR 0â7) and 7 (0â7) days (âlast weekâ); and 27 (5â30) and 26 (10â30) days (âlast monthâ). In the last week, 32% of patients were unable to walk 4 m on every day and 10% could walk on 1â3 days; 30% were unable to wash on every day and 10% could wash on 1â3 days. In the last months, 14% of patients were unable to walk 4 m on every day and 10% could only walk on 1â10 days; 12% were unable to wash on every day and 11% could wash on 1â10 days. In patients who could walk âtodayâ average 4 m gait speed was 0.78 ± 0.28 m/s. Patients who reported impaired walking and washing experienced more symptoms (dyspnoea, exertion, and oedema) and decreased physical function (higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, and lower Karnofsky Performance Status and handâgrip strength [unable vs. able to walk âtodayâ: 205 ± 87 vs. 252 ± 78 Newton, P = 0.001; unable vs. able to wash âtodayâ: 204 ± 86 vs. 250 ± 80 Newton, P = 0.001]). During the 27 months of observation, 152 (90%) patients died (median survival 46 days). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, all tested parameters were independent predictors of survival: walking 4 m âtodayâ (HR 0.63, P = 0.015), âlast weekâ (per 1 day: HR 0.93, P = 0.011), âlast monthâ (per 1 day: HR 0.98, P = 0.012), 4 m gait speed (per 1 m/s: HR 0.45, P = 0.002), and washing âtodayâ (HR 0.67, P = 0.024), âlast week (per 1 day HR 0.94, p=0.019), and âlast monthâ (per 1 day HR 0.99, P = 0.040). Patients unable to walk and wash experienced the shortest survival and most reduced functional status. Conclusions In patients with preâterminal cancer, the selfâreported ability to walk 4 m and wash were independent predictors of survival and associated with decreased functional status