Особенности формирования гражданского общества в России: постперестроечный контекст

Актуальность доклада обусловлена необходимостью изучения перехода постперестроечной России от государства к гражданскому обществу. Идея гражданского общества в постперестроечный период обрела легитимность в академическом сообществе России, но недостаточно решенной в аналитическом плане осталась проблема влияния социально- политического контекста на процесс становления основ и институтов гражданского общества в постперестроечной России.The relevance of the report is conditioned by the need to study the transition of post-perestroika Russia from the state to civil society. The idea of civil society in the post-perestroika period gained legitimacy in the academic community of Russia, but the problem of the influence of the socio-political context on the process of formation of the foundations and institutions of civil society in post-perestroika Russia remained insufficiently solved in the analytical plan

The Reality in the Surveillance of Breast Cancer Survivors—Results of a Patient Survey

Background: International guidelines for the surveillance of breast cancer patients recommend a minimized clinical follow-up including routine history and physical examination and regularly scheduled mammograms. However, the abandonment of scheduled follow-up examinations in breast cancer survivors remains a contradiction to established follow-up guidelines for other solid tumours.Patients and Methods: We report the patients’ view on the basis of a survey performed in two separate geographical areas in Germany. The questionnaires were sent out to 2.658 patients with a history of breast cancer.Results: A total of 801 patients (30.1%) responded to the questionnaire. The results of the survey can be summarized in two major categories: First, necessity for surveillance was affi rmed by a majority (>95%), and 47.8% of the organized patients answered that there was a need for more intensive diagnostic effort during follow-up. The main expectation from an intensified follow-up was the increased feeling of security as expressed by >80% of the women. Second, the present survey indicates that most of the regularly scheduled follow-up visits were expanded using extensive laboratory and imaging procedures exceeding the quantity of examinations recommended in the present follow-up guidelines.Conclusion: Despite the fact that only one third of the patients responded to the questionnaire, the survey indicates that a majority of physicians who treated these patients still do not accept the present follow-up guidelines. To some extent this may be explained by the observation that patients and possibly also their doctors trust that intensified follow-up increases diagnostic security and survival. Since considerable changes in the treatment options of breast cancer have been made during the last decades a new trial of investigations in follow-up is warranted

Use of Surrogate end points in HTA

The different actors involved in health system decision-making and regulation have to deal with the question which are valid parameters to assess the health value of health technologies