Finite-size versus Surface effects in nanoparticles

We study the finite-size and surface effects on the thermal and spatial behaviors of the magnetisation of a small magnetic particle. We consider two systems: 1) A box-shaped isotropic particle of simple cubic structure with either periodic or free boundary conditions. This case is treated analytically using the isotropic model of D-component spin vectors in the limit $D\to \infty$, including the magnetic field. 2) A more realistic particle ($\gamma$-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$) of ellipsoidal (or spherical) shape with open boundaries. The magnetic state in this particle is described by the anisotropic classical Dirac-Heisenberg model including exchange and dipolar interactions, and bulk and surface anisotropy. This case is dealt with by the classical Monte Carlo technique. It is shown that in both systems finite-size effects yield a positive contribution to the magnetisation while surface effects render a larger and negative contribution, leading to a net decrease of the magnetisation of the small particle with respect to the bulk system. In the system 2) the difference between the two contributions is enhanced by surface anisotropy. The latter also leads to non saturation of the magnetisation at low temperatures, showing that the magnetic order in the core of the particle is perturbed by the magnetic disorder on the surface. This is confirmed by the profile of the magnetisation.Comment: 6 pages of RevTex including 4 Figures, invited paper to 3rd EuroConference on Magnetic Properties of Fine Nanoparticles, Barcelona, October 9

Prior for Structural Materials

The construction of a library containing prior cross sections and related covariance matrices for nine frequently measured reaction channels of 276 structural materials from 1 to 150 MeV is presented. This library provides a starting point for future evaluations and reduces them to the analysis of experimental data. The prior cross sections were calculated using the nuclear reaction programs of TALYS1.0 and TALYS1.2 with the implemented global and local neutron and proton optical potential parameter sets. The prior covariance matrices contain contributions stemming from parameter uncertainties and model deficiencies. The associated procedures are discussed and an example evaluation with these prior cross sections and covariance matrices is shown for one specific isotope. These developments are of great importance with regard to the reliability of evaluations strongly based on model calculations. This is particularly true for the extension of the energy range as requested by the development of novel nuclear technologies

Status of GENEUS

The current status of the nuclear data evaluation tool GENEUS (General Nuclear Data Evaluation and Uncertainty System) is discussed. Especially, recent improvements of the implemented algorithms concerning smoothness and stability of the evaluated data. These modifications include an improved extrapolation algorithm for the model defect covariance matrices, the inclusion of uncertainties in level densities and charged particle optical model parameters and the employment of a regularization procedure to restore positive semidefiniteness of the prior covariance matrices. The impact of these improvements is studied for the example of neutron-induced cross sections of 55Mn for which preliminary evaluation results are also provided

Prior for Structural Materials

The construction of a library containing prior cross sections and related covariance matrices for nine frequently measured reaction channels of 276 structural materials from 1 to 150 MeV is presented. This library provides a starting point for future evaluations and reduces them to the analysis of experimental data. The prior cross sections were calculated using the nuclear reaction programs of TALYS1.0 and TALYS1.2 with the implemented global and local neutron and proton optical potential parameter sets. The prior covariance matrices contain contributions stemming from parameter uncertainties and model deficiencies. The associated procedures are discussed and an example evaluation with these prior cross sections and covariance matrices is shown for one specific isotope. These developments are of great importance with regard to the reliability of evaluations strongly based on model calculations. This is particularly true for the extension of the energy range as requested by the development of novel nuclear technologies

Automatisierung des An/Abfahrens von Verfahrensabschnitten in Zementwerken

SIGLEDEGerman

Automatisierung des An/Abfahrens von Verfahrensabschnitten in Zementwerken

SIGLETechnische Informationsbibliothek Hannover: RN 2554 (207) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman