Foreigners, naturalized people and the problems of a realistic integration stock-taking

Wilkening F, Salentin K. Ausländer, Eingebürgerte und das Problem einer realistischen Zuwanderer-Integrationsbilanz. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. 2003;55(2):278-298.The use of the legal term "foreigner" in German official statistics and in sociological research on migration and integration is questioned. During the 1990s, naturalization has created a gap between the numbers of migrants and of foreigners. Legal and administrative factors cause an unobserved selectivity in the process of naturalization and increasingly blur the meaning of citizenship for social science purposes. Drawing on two German survey samples, the article reveals a considerably more favorable socio-economic placement of naturalized persons compared with foreigners of the same origin. Any stock-taking based on foreigners alone would exclude the most successful migrants in terms of education, labor market participation and income, and depict the participation of the immigrated population as overly deficient. An appropriate representation of naturalized people in official statistics is called for