Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on cardiac fibrosis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that induces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and  causes oxidative stress. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a diabetic complication characterized by structural and functional changes of the myocardium. Fibrosis is one of the pathological features of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Moringa oleifera leaves have been reported to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant activities which could prevent diabetic complications such as cardiomyopathy. A previous study reported that M. oleifera leaves extract have protective effects to the kidneys and liver of rats exposed to oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the M. oleifera leaves extract on cardiac fibrosis of rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).  This was an experimental study using a posttest-only control group design. Thirty-three male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups i.e. normal control  group (Group 1) were administered normal saline, diabetic control group (Group 2) were administered normal saline, and diabetic treatment group (Group 3) were administered M. oleifera leaves extract. Diabetes induction of rats was conducted by intraperitoneally injection of STZ at dose of 45 mg/kg BW. The M. oleifera leaves extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW was administered orally one time a day for 28 days. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann Whitney. A significant difference in cardiac fibrosis occurrence between three groups was observed (p < 0.05). No cardiac fibrosis was observed in normal control group, meanwhile cardiac fibrosis was observed in all rats (9 rats) of the diabetic control group (G2). Only 2 rats in the treatment group (G3) had cardiac fibrosis. In conclusion, M. oleifera leaves extract can inhibit cardiac fibrosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Pembentukan Model Keluarga Sadar Gizi (KADARZI) dan Kader Siaga Stunting sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Sukogidri-Jember dalam Mengatasi Stunting

Stunting is a major health problem in Indonesia. Sukogidri Village is one of the villages that contribute to stunting in Jember Regency. There are 18 stunting children under five from 353 total children under five in the village. The effort to solve the stunting problem should involve community participation through empowerment. This community service aimed to increase community empowerment to solve the stunting by forming the nutritionally-aware family (Keluarga Sadar Gizi = KADARZI) model and the stunting-alert cadres. KADARZI model was chosen in selected families and trained on the definition of KADARZI, the efforts and steps undertaken as a model for KADARZI in selected families. The stunting-alert cadres were formed from health cadres who were provided with intensive education and training materials on the stunting, its dangers and how to prevent it. After going through serial training, 10 KADARZI models and 10 stunting-alert cadres were formed in Sukogidri Village, Jember. It is hoped that the KADARZI model and stunting alert cadres will play an active role in overcoming stunting in the village.Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi bangsa Indonesia. Desa Sukogidri adalah salah satu desa penyumbang angka stunting di Kabupaten Jember, dengan 18 balita stunting dari total 353 balita yang ada. Upaya penyelesaian masalah stunting perlu melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mengatasi stunting melalui pembentukan keluarga sadar gizi (KADARZI) dan kader siaga stunting. Pembentukan KADARZI dilakukan pada keluarga terpilih dan diberi pendidikan dan pelatihan tentang pengertian KADARZI, upaya dan langkah yang dilakukan sebagai model KADARZI. Kader siaga stunting dibentuk dari kader kesehatan yang dibekali materi pendidikan dan pelatihan secara serial tentang stunting, bahayanya dan cara pencegahannya. Setelah melalui beberapa pelatihan, terbentuk 10 model KADARZI dan 10 kader siaga stunting di Desa Sukogidri, Jember. Diharapkan model KADARZI dan kader siaga stunting berperan aktif dalam mengatasi stunting yang ada di desa tersebut

Hygiene Related Risk Factors for Giardia Infection in Sukowono District, Jember, Indonesia

Giardia spp. is a common cause of diarrhoeal disease in humans and is also known as a zoonotic agent in humans and animals. There are three risk factors of zoonotic Giardia, the first is individual characteristics, the second is hygiene, and the last is environmental. This study aimed to analyze the hygiene related risk factors for Giardia infection in Sukowono District, Jember. The research design was a cross-sectional study with 52 subjects from Sukowono District, Jember. The study was carried out from December 2020 to April 2021. The sampling method used purposive sampling is a non-probability sample and chi-square test for data analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistics programme. P value &lt; 0,05 was considered statistically significant.The result of microscopic examination of 52 fecal samples found 1.9% of the subjects were infected with Giardia spp. There was no association between hygiene behavior factors with Giardia spp. in Sukowono District, Jember (p&gt;0.05). Data suggest that risk factors may not contribute to Giardia spp. infection. Based on these findings, need to do further research about hygiene related risk factors for Giardia spp. infection in Jember especially Sukowono District. Keywords: Hygiene factor, Giardia infection, zoonosi

The Effect of Alopurinol on Blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine Serum Levels in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a structural and function disorder of renal for &gt; 3 months with implications for individual health. CKD has become a health problem throughout the world and its implementation provides a considerable economic burden on the health system. The decreasing value of GFR (glomerular filtration rate) in CKD can cause uric acid retention so that serum uric acid levels increase (hyperuricemia). Hyperuricemia can occur due to an increase in urinary metabolism (overproduction), a decrease in uric acid expenditure (underexcretion), or a combination of both. The group of antihyperuricemic drugs that have good effectiveness and long-term safety is xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The commonly used xanthine oxidase inhibitor drug is allopurinol. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of allopurinol on kidney function in CKD patients. The results of this study are expected to provide input in the treatment of hyperuricemia in CKD patients and reduce the progression of CKD. This study used a retrospective observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was CKD patients from January 2018 to January 2019 at Bina Sehat Hospital Jember. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. This study uses secondary data obtained from medical records of CKD patients at Bina Sehat Hospital Jember. Secondary data obtained in the form of identity data and the results of laboratory tests of patients. The medical record data that has been obtained is distributed and analyzed using a paired T-test to compare the mean or mean differences of the two groups in pairs. The bivariate test results for blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in CKD patients were obtained p &lt;0.001. Based on these results there is a significant relationship between blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels before and after consuming allopurinol. The conclusion was that allopurinol was shown to be able to provide an effect on the kidney function of CKD patients based on blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia, allopurino

Food Intake and Core Body Temperature of Pups and Adults in a db Mouse Line Deficient in the Long Form of the Leptin Receptor without Misty Mutation

Different involvement of leptin signaling in food intake (FI) and body temperature (BT) in pups and adults has been suggested. However, the leptin receptor (Lepr) long-form-deficient (db) mouse line has not been fully examined in pups. In the most available db mouse line, wild-type (WT) mice have a mutation in the dedicator of cytokinesis 7 gene, named misty, which was recently revealed to be involved in neuronal development. Therefore, we established a line of db mice without the misty mutation using natural mating. Adult (8 weeks of age) homozygous db/db mice displayed significantly higher core body weight (BW) and FI and significantly lower core BT than WT mice. However, postnatal (2 weeks of age) db/db mice displayed similar BW and milk intake and significantly lower core BT than WT mice. Correspondingly, adult and postnatal db/db mice exhibited altered mRNA levels of hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic peptide in adults but not in pups. Additionally, db/db mice displayed significantly lower mRNA levels of brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 at both ages. In conclusion, the db mouse line without the misty mutation clearly showed the different involvements of the Lepr long form in FI and BT in pups and adults