Health care provision for refugees in Germany – one-year evaluation of an outpatient clinic in an urban emergency accommodation

Background: In 2015, Germany recorded the highest rates of refugees since the early 1990s. Access to medical care is a legally regulated fundamental element of aid for refugees. In practice, there are several hurdles such as language barriers and legal regulations. In response to the massively increased need, special outpatient services for refugees were started in several German cities. In Cologne, an outpatient clinic (OPD) was established in the largest emergency accommodation centre for refugees supported by the Cologne municipality and operated by the German Red Cross and physicians from the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. This study reports experiences of the first year of the OPD regarding structure, processes and utilization. Methods: Employing mixed methods, between May and December 2015 cross sectional pseudonymized data from patients’ contacts were collected, coded in the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) and evaluated. Infrastructure, equipment, process organisation and function of the OPD were assessed during five participatory observations and triangulated with results of a self-administered questionnaire for staff and four qualitative interviews with key informants. Results: During the observation period a total of 2205 persons (67% male) stayed in the emergency accommodation and 984 patient contacts (51% male) were registered, mainly by young persons from Western Balkan countries and Syria. Medical treatment was sought primarily for acute respiratory-, loco-motor-system- and skin symptoms followed by chronic physical diseases. Headache, back and neck pain and acute respiratory infection were the most frequent diagnoses. Questionnaires and interviews among staff revealed language barriers and psycho-trauma as the most frequently reported challenges. Equipment and staffing was adequate, but patient documentation was not systematic, leading to loss of information. Conclusion: To facilitate refugees’ appropriate access to health care, the OPD was seen as functional for this refugee accommodation centre. Need was recognised for standardized, data protective documentation and a health passport for clients for medical information. Psychological support for refugees needs expansion taking legal circumstances and coverage of costs into consideration. To improve patient communication employees working with refugees should be offered an introduction to culturally sensitive understanding of health and illness

Исследование влияния природы растворителя, используемого при получении электродной мембраны, на работу Ni-селективного электрода при определении ионов никеля (LL) в водных средах

Исследовано влияние природы растворителей (бензиловый спирт и хлорфенол), используемых для изготовления полимерной электродной мембраны твердофазного никельселективного электрода на основе никельгексационоферратов ({Ni2[Fe(CN)6]}), иммобилизованных в полиэтилентерефталатную (ПЭТФ) матрицу для определения ионов никеля в водных средах. Установлено, что мембраны, полученные на основе бензилового спирта имеют более высокие электродные показатели по сходимости и воспроизводимости потенциалов, стабильности работы, низком дрейфе и времени отклика электрода по сравнению с мембранами на основе хлорфенола и могут быть рекомендованы к использованию в никель селективных электродах.The influence of the nature of the solvents (benzyl alcohol and chlorophenol) used to fabricate a polymer electrode membrane of a solid-phase nickel selective electrode based on nickelhexacetanoferrates ({Ni2 [Fe (CN) 6]}) immobilized in a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix for the determination of nickel ions in aqueous media . It has been established that membranes obtained on the basis of benzyl alcohol have higher electrode indices for the convergence and reproducibility of potentials, stability of operation, low drift and electrode response time compared to chlorophenol-based membranes, and can be recommended for use in nickel selective electrodes

Изготовление и исследование образцов из неметаллического материала для визуального контроля

В ходе практических экзаменов в рамках аттестации персонала в области неразрушающего контроля используются аттестационные образцы, содержащие один или несколько дефектов. В настоящее время существуют разные образцы для аттестации персонала, например стальные трубы, металлические пластины с дефектными сварными швами, но они выполнены из металлов, а т. к. аттестовать специалистов необходимо на образцах из материала, соответствующего действительному объекту контроля из перечня опасных производственных объектов, то предлагается вариант изготовления экзаменационного образца из неметаллического материала. Был разработан аттестационный образец из неметаллического материала для аттестации персонала в области неразрушающего контроля по визуальному и измерительному контролю.During the practical examinations in the framework of personnel certification in the field of nondestructive testing, attestation samples containing one or more defects are used. Currently, there are different samples for personnel certification, for example steel pipes, metal plates with defective welds, but they are made of metals, and since it is necessary to certify specialists on samples from the material corresponding to the actual object of control from the list of hazardous production objects, a variant of manufacturing an examination sample made of nonmetallic material. A certification sample was prepared from non-metallic material for the certification of personnel in the field of nondestructive testing by visual and measuring control

Особенности интерпретации гидродинамических исследований скважин с горизонтальным окончанием

Основной целью настоящей работы является определение возможности применения анализа добычи для получения параметров скважины и пласта, как дополнения гидродинамическим исследованиям на неустановившихся режимах фильтрации. В процессе работы в ПК Topaze был произведен анализ добычи нескольких скважин нефтяного месторождения "ХХХ", определены параметры работы системы "скважина – пласт", сделано сравнение полученных результатов адаптации с имеющимися характеристиками объектов, и на основе опытов выдано заключение о возможности применения данного исследования как альтернативы стандартным ГДИС.The main purpose of this paper is to determine the feasibility of applying Production Analysis to obtain well and reservoir parameters, as a supplement to hydrodynamic studies on unsteady filtration regimes. During the work in the Kappa Topaze PC, the Production Analysis of several wells of the "XXX" oil field was made, the parameters of the well-to-layer system were determined, the obtained adaptation results were compared with the available characteristics of the objects. On the basis of the experiments, a conclusion was made about the possibility of using this study as alternatives to standard well tests