Multi-qubit entanglement engineering via projective measurements

So far, various multi-photon entangled states have been observed experimentally by using different experimental set-ups. Here, we present a scheme to realize many SLOCC-inequivalent states of three and four qubits via projective measurements on suitable entangled states. We demonstrate how these states can be observed experimentally in a single set-up and study the feasibility of the implementation with present-day technology

Evaluation of the stability of human erythropoietin in samples for radioimmunoassay

Radioimmunoassays for erythropoietin are limited so far to a few specialized laboratories and this requires transport and storage of samples. We therefore tested the stability of immunoreactive erythropoietin in serum and plasma samples obtained from a uremic and a nonuremic anemic patient. No significant change in the concentration of immunoreactive erythropoietin was found in either serum or plasma samples for up to 14 days of storage. This type of stability was observed no matter whether the samples were stored at room temperature, 4 degrees C, or -20 degrees C. There was no difference between the estimates of erythropoietin in serum and heparinized plasma. Validity of the radioimmunoassay used in this study was demonstrated by parallelism of dilution curves of test specimens and the 2nd International Reference Preparation for erythropoietin and by a close correlation between the immunoreactivity and the bioactivity of the hormone, as assessed in the same samples by the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse bioassay. In conclusion the data obtained clearly indicate that the necessity of storage and transport of clinical samples does not limit the practicability of the radioimmunoassay for erythropoietin

Experimental implementation of a four-player quantum game

Game theory is central to the understanding of competitive interactions arising in many fields, from the social and physical sciences to economics. Recently, as the definition of information is generalized to include entangled quantum systems, quantum game theory has emerged as a framework for understanding the competitive flow of quantum information. Up till now only two-player quantum games have been demonstrated. Here we report the first experiment that implements a four-player quantum Minority game over tunable four-partite entangled states encoded in the polarization of single photons. Experimental application of appropriate quantum player strategies give equilibrium payoff values well above those achievable in the classical game. These results are in excellent quantitative agreement with our theoretical analysis of the symmetric Pareto optimal strategies. Our result demonstrate for the first time how non-trivial equilibria can arise in a competitive situation involving quantum agents and pave the way for a range of quantum transaction applications.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

The Effects of Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports in the Elementary Classroom

The benefits of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) are being recognized in education for helping reduce misbehaviors. This paper includes research from three primary classrooms: kindergarten, first grade music, and second grade. Data was collected over the course of six weeks. Teachers recorded the number of times each student received a warning, consequence for misbehavior, positive behavior slip, or demonstrated a misbehavior using individual student tracking sheets, tally sheets, and a reflection journal. Throughout the six weeks, students were given a check-in sheet to record their understanding and learning of the behavior system. Students recorded a much greater understanding of behavior expectations and intervention strategies over the course of the research. The results showed a slight decrease in misbehaviors. Teachers suggested beginning the behavioral intervention at the beginning of the year and implementing PBIS for a longer period of time to note more positive changes in behaviors

Mie and bragg plasmons in subwavelength silver semi-shells

2D arrays of silver semi-shells of 100 and 200 nm diameter display complex reflection and transmission spectra in the visible and near-IR. Here these spectral features are deconstructed and it is demonstrated that they result from the coupling of incident light into a delocalized Bragg plasmon, and the latter's induction of localized Mie plasmons in the arrays. These phenomena permit the excitation of transverse dipolar plasmon resonances in the semi-shells despite an ostensibly unfavorable orientation with respect to normally incident light. The resulting spectral feature in the mid-visible is strong and tunable. © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA