Keragaman Genetik Empat Populasi Lntsia Bijuga Berdasarkan Penanda Rapd dan Implikasinya Bagi Program Konservasi Genetik

Intsia bijuga atau merbau merupakan jenis kayu bemilai ekonomi tinggi dan telah mengalami eksploitasi yang intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keragaman genetik populasi merbau guna membantu penyusunan strategi konservasi genetik, dengan menggunakan penanda RAPD. Sampel daun dikumpulkan dari 4 populasi dan dianalisa menggunakan 15 primer RAPD yang menghasilkan 77 lokus polimorfik. Rata-rata lokus polimorfik per primer adalah 5.1. Nilai keragaman genetik rerata dalam populasi sebesar 0,296 sedangkan keragaman antara populasi 0.141. Analisis klaster membagi keempat populasi menjadi dua kelompok populasi yaitu Carita dan Manokwari pada kelompok pertama, sedangkan kelompok kedua terdiri dari populasi Temate dan Nabire. Pembagian kelompok antara Manokwari dan Nabire lebih memperjelas pembagian Papua menjadi 6 wilayah geogenetik

Genetic Diversity in Kayu Merah (Pterocarpus Indicus Willd) Populations Using Random Amplified Polymorphism Dna Marker

Kayu merah ( Pterocarpus indicus Willd) which listed as one of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in the category Vulnerable (VU A1D) is naturally distributed throughout Indonesia included Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara and Papua. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers have been used to analyze the genetic diversity of six (6) natural populations of kayu merah from Seram Island, Manggarai Timur-Flores, Ngada-Flores, Soe-Timor Tengah Selatan, Kefamenanu-Timor Tengah Utara and Kupang. Ninety-nine (99) polymorphic loci were obtained from twelve RAPD primers. The mean of genetic diversity was 0.2024. Population with the highest genetic diversity was Soe (0.2925) and the lowest genetic diversity was Ngada (0.1212). The highest genetic distance among the populations was between Ngada and Kefamenanu (0.376), while the nearest genetic distance was between Ngada and Manggarai Timur (0.060). The informations resulted from this study are important to support the tree improvement and conservation programme of kayu mera

Keragaman Genetik Populasi Kayu Merah (Pterocarpus Indicus Willd) Menggunakan Penanda Ramdom Amplified Polymorphism Dna

Kayu merah ( Pterocarpus indicus Willd) which listed as one of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in the category Vulnerable (VU A1D) is naturally distributed throughout Indonesia included Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara and Papua. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers have been used to analyze the genetic diversity of six (6) natural populations of kayu merah from Seram Island, Manggarai Timur-Flores, Ngada-Flores, Soe-Timor Tengah Selatan, Kefamenanu-Timor Tengah Utara and Kupang. Ninety-nine (99) polymorphic loci were obtained from twelve RAPD primers. The mean of genetic diversity was 0.2024. Population with the highest genetic diversity was Soe (0.2925) and the lowest genetic diversity was Ngada (0.1212). The highest genetic distance among the populations was between Ngada and Kefamenanu (0.376), while the nearest genetic distance was between Ngada and Manggarai Timur (0.060). The informations resulted from this study are important to support the tree improvement and conservation programme of kayu merah

Keragaman Genetik Anakan Shorea Leprosula Berdasarkan Penanda Mikrosatelit

Genetic diversity value of offspring might indicate a reproductive success in a forest. Aim in this study was to access genetic diversity values of offspring of Shorea leprosula from different forest types. Leaf samples were collected from six population i.e. a plantation from Carita, and five natural forests from Gunung Bunga A and B, SBK, ITCI and Gunung Lumut. Using four microsatellite markers, the results showed that SBK population maintained high value of genetic diversity. Values of expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged between 0.717 (Carita) and 0.836 (SBK). Values of coefficient inbreeding (F) were insignificant deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, but the value was significant in SBK population. PCA analysis demonstrated a cluster among Gunung Bunga A, SBK, ITCI, and Gunung Lumut. Amova showed that different province significantly contributed 1% to the value of genetic diversity of S. leprosula

Screening Penanda Mikrosatelit Shorea Curtisii Terhadap Jenis-jenis Shorea Penghasil Tengkawang

Screening primer is an effective method to develop microsatellite markers from related taxa. Aim of this study was to develop microsatellite markers of four Shorea producing tengkawang oil, i.e. Shorea gysbertiana, Shorea macrophylla, Shorea pinanga and Shorea stenoptera by screening microsatellite primers of Shorea curtisii. Leaf samples of the four Shorea were collected from nursery at Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Research in Yogyakarta. Four microsatellite primers of S. curtisii i.e. Shc-1, Shc-2, Shc-7 and Shc-9 had been used to screen. Results showed that numerous alleles were shared among the Shorea. The expected heterozygosity (HE) for locus Shc-1 ranged between 0.594 and 0.722; locus Shc-2 ranged between 0.219 and 0.611; locus Shc-7 ranged between 0.594 and 0.778; and locus Shc-9 ranged between 0.594 and 0.844. Coefficient of inbreeding (FIS) value was low and it was insignificant deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) at almost all loci except Shc-1 of S. pinanga. A dendrogram showed two clusters; S. gysbertsiana and S. macrophylla represented in one cluster, while S. pinanga and S. stenoptera represented in another cluster. Therefore the developed microsatellite markers are possible to be applied for studying population genetics and mating system of these species

Karakteristik Pembungaan Dan Sistem Perkawinan Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Pada Hutan Tanaman Di Watusipat, Gunung Kidul

Flowering are influenced by internal factors, such as genetic and phytohormone, and environment factors, such as sunlight and nutrition intake. The flowering characteristics influence fruiting and genetic diversity seedlings through mating systems. This study aims to assess flowering and fruiting characteristics and to determine pattern of mating system of a Calophyllum inophyllum plantation at Watusipat, Gunung Kidul. Flowering and fruiting were observed at 4 locations, 3 parts of crown, and 4 main directions to know the effects of sunlight, nutrition intake and phytohormone in the flowering process. Mating system was assessed by comparing genetic diversity values between parent trees and offsprings. The values of genetic diversity were analyzed using 5 RAPD primers with 17 polymorphic loci. Analysis of variant showed that the locations, crown parts, directions and interaction between a location and direction significantly affected to differences number of flowers and fruits. Values of genetic diversity (h) of parent trees ranged between 0.1471 and 0.3056. The values increased at almost overall offsprings; it ranged between 0.2864 and 0.3750. Values of genetic distance (Da) between parent trees were high and very high (0.197 – 0.364), but the values was decreased between parent trees and their offspring, even between offspring populations. A dendrogram showed two main clusters; first cluster consisted parent trees at up edge with rare trees and second cluster consisted sub cluster parent trees at up edge; sub cluster parent trees at down middle; and sub cluster parent trees at down edge and overall offsprings. Flowering/ fruiting characteristics and pattern of mating systems of C. inophyllum were briefly discussed

Variasi Genetik Pinus Merkusii Menggunakan Penanda Mikrosatelit Kloroplas

Using two chloroplast universal primers, haplotipic within and among populations of Pinus merkusii had been evaluated, in order to access paternal variation of this species. The aim of this study was to investigate variation of chloroplast microsatellite in P. merkusii. Using two universal chloroplast microsatelites, a total of 18 chloroplast haplotypes were found among 730 individuals surveyed in 10populations in Java. Private haplotypes mostly found at eastern Java populations. The number ofdetected haplotypes (Na) within populations ranged between 5 and 14. Variation of haplotypes (h) was relatively hight; it ranged between 0.727 and 0.858. Nei\u27s genetic distance among populations was very low (Da=0.030). Moreover, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed genetic variation originated from within population but the value was insignificant.It was concluded that private haplotypes found in eastern Java might show gene pool of P. merkusii in Java. These detected haplotypes are of important information for genetic resources conservation anf breeding strategy of P. merkusii

Karakterisasi Keragaman Genetik Populasi Jabon Putih Menggunakan Penanda Random Amplified Polymorphism Dna

Anthocepalus cadamba (white jabon) has high economical value for furniture. White jabon forests severely degraded due to intensive exploitation and land conversion. Genetic diversity is one of important consideration to design conservation and improvement strategies. Aim of this study was to access the genetic diversity values within and among population of white jabon. Leaf samples of white jabon were collected from conservation plots originated from West Lombok, Sumbawa, South Sumatera and West Sumatera. Red jabon was included as an outgroup population. Based on 37 polymorphic RAPD loci, the results showed comparable value of genetic diversity between white jabon and red jabon. Number of detected and rare alleles was highest founded in Sumbawa population among the other three populations of white jabon. As consequence, value of expected heterozygosity in the population was highest (HE=0.315). Private allele was only detected in South Sumatera population. Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) showed that integrating between genetic and geographical distance was inconsistent; similar gene resources or human impact might be responsible for this result. The populations that have high value of genetic diversity and private allele are recommended to be selected for the conservation strategies, i.e. Sumbawa and South Sumatera