Pengaruh Pemupukan Organik Limbah Baglog Jamur Dan Pemupukan Takaran Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Pakchoy (Brassica Chinensis L.)

Pakchoy (Brassica sinensis L.) merupakan tanaman sayuran yang kualitasnya sangat ditentukan oleh tekstur yang renyah. Salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan kualitas tersebut dapat ditempuh dengan penambahan bahan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bahan organik berupa limbah baglog jamur dan pemberian takaran NPK serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman pakchoy. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai dengan bulan Juni 2014 di kebun percobaan Universitas Lampung. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Teracak Sempurna (RTS) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis limbah baglog jamur (P) dan faktor kedua adalah takaran NPK mutiara 16-16-16 (L). Pertama: p 0 = 0 kg m -2 , p 1 = 10 kg m -2 , dan kedua: l 0 = 0 g m -2 NPK, l 1 = 50 g m -2 NPK, l 2 = 100 g m -2 NPK, l 3 = 150 g m -2 NPK, l 4 = 200 g m -2 NPK. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 25 tanaman sehingga didapatkan 30 satuan percobaan dan total tanaman sebanyak 750 tanaman. Perlakuan yang menunjukkan pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan pemisahan nilai tengah menggunakanuji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf α 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bahan organik berupa limbah baglog jamur berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel bobot kering tanaman. Pemberian pupuk takaran NPK juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua variabel pengamatan dan dosis terbaik terdapat pada 200 g m -2 , sedangkan interaksi antara dua perlakuan tersebut tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap semua variabel pengamatan

Pandemic inequity in a megacity: a multilevel analysis of individual, community and healthcare vulnerability risks for COVID-19 mortality in Jakarta, Indonesia

Introduction Worldwide, the 33 recognised megacities comprise approximately 7% of the global population, yet account for 20% COVID-19 deaths. The specific inequities and other factors within megacities that affect vulnerability to COVID-19 mortality remain poorly defined. We assessed individual, community-level and healthcare factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality in a megacity of Jakarta, Indonesia, during two epidemic waves spanning 2 March 2020 to 31 August 2021. Methods This retrospective cohort included residents of Jakarta, Indonesia, with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. We extracted demographic, clinical, outcome (recovered or died), vaccine coverage data and disease prevalence from Jakarta Health Office surveillance records, and collected subdistrict level sociodemographics data from various official sources. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine individual, community and subdistrict-level healthcare factors and their associations with COVID-19 mortality. Results Of 705 503 cases with a definitive outcome by 31 August 2021, 694 706 (98.5%) recovered and 10 797 (1.5%) died. The median age was 36 years (IQR 24–50), 13.2% (93 459) were <18 years and 51.6% were female. The subdistrict level accounted for 1.5% of variance in mortality (p<0.0001). Mortality ranged from 0.9 to 1.8% by subdistrict. Individual-level factors associated with death were older age, male sex, comorbidities and age <5 years during the first wave (adjusted OR (aOR)) 1.56, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.35; reference: age 20–29 years). Community-level factors associated with death were poverty (aOR for the poorer quarter 1.35, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.55; reference: wealthiest quarter) and high population density (aOR for the highest density 1.34, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.58; reference: the lowest). Healthcare factor associated with death was low vaccine coverage (aOR for the lowest coverage 1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.38; reference: the highest). Conclusion In addition to individual risk factors, living in areas with high poverty and density, and low healthcare performance further increase the vulnerability of communities to COVID-19-associated death in urban low-resource settings