Genomic Survey of E. coli From the Bladders of Women With and Without Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common human bacterial infections. While UTIs are commonly associated with colonization by Escherichia coli, members of this species also have been found within the bladder of individuals with no lower urinary tract symptoms (no LUTS), also known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Prior studies have found that both uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains and E. coli isolates that are not associated with UTIs encode for virulence factors. Thus, the reason(s) why E. coli sometimes causes UTI-like symptoms remain(s) elusive. In this study, the genomes of 66 E. coli isolates from adult female bladders were sequenced. These isolates were collected from four cohorts, including women: (1) without lower urinary tract symptoms, (2) overactive bladder symptoms, (3) urgency urinary incontinence, and (4) a clinical diagnosis of UTI. Comparative genomic analyses were conducted, including core and accessory genome analyses, virulence and motility gene analyses, and antibiotic resistance prediction and testing. We found that the genomic content of these 66 E. coli isolates does not correspond with the participant’s symptom status. We thus looked beyond the E. coli genomes to the composition of the entire urobiome and found that the presence of E. coli alone was not sufficient to distinguish between the urobiomes of individuals with UTI and those with no LUTS. Because E. coli presence, abundance, and genomic content appear to be weak predictors of UTI status, we hypothesize that UTI symptoms associated with detection of E. coli are more likely the result of urobiome composition

In vivo screening of novel anti-malarial therapeutic compounds in a malaria mouse model system

Malaria is still one of the most devastating infectious diseases endangering half of the earth’s population and killing almost half a million each year. With no vaccine and an increasing number of resistance toward our current drugs, the need for novel compounds is necessary. As part of an international and interdisciplinary team headed by Dr. Prakasha Kempaiah at the new Center for Global Health at Loyola University Medical Center, we aim to identify novel compounds that act as an antimalarial either by itself or in combination with drugs currently in use, such as artemisinin (ART) and chloroquine