The Effectiveness of Fixative Addition on Zodia (Evodia Suaveolens S.) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) Gel Against Aedes Aegypti

Background: Aedes aegyptiis a mosquito is one of the vectors for dengue. One method of preventing dengue is to use bio insecticides from plants. A plant that is often used as a mosquito repellent is Zodia (Evodia suaveolens scheff) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis l.). Some studies have modified the dosage of bio insecticides to achieve more durable repellent, including developing a gel form. The aim of this study is to measure the protective effect of additional fixative material (patchouli oil) on Rosemary and Zodia repellent. Methods:This was an experimental study using gel made from essential oil of Rosemary flowers and Zodia leaves with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 4 %, respectively. Control (+) group used N, N-diethyl-3 (methylbenzamide (DEET) on the arms, while control (-) group were arms with no treatment.The repellent was tested on the arms of trained volunteers, which were then observed every hour for six hours. The protective effectiveness was satisfactory if ≥90%. Results:Addition of fixative material increased the durability of repellent, starting from concentration of 2% for Rosemary and concentration of 4% for Zodia. The protective effectiveness was 90% for more than 6 hours. Conclusion:The modified gel of Zodia and Rosemary proved to be a potential repellent against Aedes aegyptimosquitos. (Health Science Indones 2013;2:103-6

FAKTOR IKLIM BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA CIMAHI TAHUN 2004-2013

Studi ekologi dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabilitas faktor iklim berupa suhu, kelembapan, kecepatan angin, curah hujan dan lama penyinaran matahari dengan kejadian Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Kota Cimahi. Analisis korelasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data bulanan kasus DBD dan faktor iklim pada periode tahun 2004-2013. Data kasus DBD merupakan data bulanan berbasis rumah sakit yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Cimahi sedangkan data bulanan faktor iklim pada periode yang sama diperoleh dari Stasiun Geofisika Kelas I Bandung. Uji korelasi menggunakan pearson’s product moment atau spearman’s rho tergantung dari hasil uji normalitas data dengan kolmogorov-smirnov test. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan 4 skenario selang waktu antara kasus DBD dengan faktor iklim yaitu tanpa selang waktu (n=0), selang waktu 1 bulan (n-1), selang waktu 2 bulan (n-2) dan selang waktu 3 bulan (n-3). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan curah hujan memiliki hubungan signifikan (p value = 0,000 dan 0,004) dengan koefisien korelasi terkuat (r = -0,390 dan 0,265) pada selang waktu 1 bulan dari waktu kemunculan kasus DBD, sedangkan kelembapan dan lama penyinaran matahari memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p value = 0,000 dan 0,002) dengan koefisien korelasi terbesar (r = 0,398 dan -0,277) pada selang waktu dua bulan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu, curah hujan, kelembapan dan lama penyinaran matahari berhubungan dengan korelasi terbesar dari waktu kemunculan kasus DBD

Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Beta Vulgaris L. (Buah Bit) Dengan Berbagai Fraksi Pelarut Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypti

. Dengue vector control is mostly done by using plant-based insecticides. Insecticides from the vegetable and fruit extracts of the leaves of plants that contain compounds alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and polyphenols can be used as an alternative to naturally control Ae. aegypti. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the B. vulgaris L. extract larvacide against larvae of Ae. aegypti. The materials that been used was B. vulgaris L. fruit parts which was milled and dried to become a powder form. 800 g of dry powder was extracted by 70% methanol by percolation method with occasional stirring for 3 days. The extract was concentrated using an evaporator. 60 g remaining residue was dissolved in distilled water and re-extracted with diethyl ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was distilled. The extract was tested qualitatively to determine the content of secondary metabolites. Larvacide test performed by dissolving each extracts in dimetilsulphoxide (DMSO) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%. The larvae used was larval of Ae. aegypti age of seven days. Death larvae counted every day for seven days to determine the effect of the contact. Tests carried out at a temperature of 27±1° C by immersing 25 larvae at each concentration of the extract with 50 mL volume and three replications was performed. The data obtained were analyzed further with different test. The results showed that fruit extract contains flavonoids, alkoloid, sterols, triterpenes, saponins and tannins. Highest mortality happened which was 82.5% and the lowest mortality happened with a concentration of 0.1% diethyl ether extract fraction. The extracts that are dissolved in various solvent fractions have not been effective as a larvacide until the highest concentration which was 1%. Methanol and polar solvent extracts of the fruit has a larvacide potency a bit higher than other solvents

Potential Topical Natural Repellent Against Ae. Aegypti, Culex SP. and Anopheles SP. Mosquitoes

Background: Betel leaf essential oil lotion has been known to have insect repellent properties. A lotion was made based on a pharmaceutical formula from a monograph where patchouli leaf essential oil was added. A lotion preparation was intended to enhance adherence of the formula on the surface of the skin. The purpose of this study was to compare protection percentage of lotion with patchouli oil and without patchouli oil lotion compared to DEET.Methods: This study is an experimental laboratory-based research. All mosquitoes were acquired from Loka Litbang P2B2 Ciamis. The lotion was made up of 4% betel leaf oil with 0.4% Patchouli leaf oil which acted as fixative. Repellency test was performed using methods recommended by the Commission on Pesticides.Results: The lotion made was stable and met the standard of formulations. The results showed that DEET and the lotion had an average protection of above 90% for 6 hours against Ae.aegyptiand Culex sp.mosquitoes.Conclusion: The addition of patchouli oil on betel lotions can increase protection against Ae.aegyptiand Culex sp. bites. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:44-8

Household Insecticide Use on the Existence of Aedes Aegypti Larvae in South Jakarta

Insecticides holds a very important role in the field of vector control. Since a long time ago, various types of insecticides has been used for household vector control, however, most of the research focused on adult mosquitoes only. There are limited research about the effect of insecticide active components to the presence of larvae. There are some mindsets in Indonesian that mosquitoes control can be done by simply using any type of insecticide. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of insecticide active ingredients against the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in household sample. Sampling was conducted in South Jakarta in 2015. The sample are 300 households where the data includes the use of insecticide active ingredients and the presence of larvae. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of SPSS 17. The results showed that the active ingredients of household insecticides significantly has no effect on the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae. Hence integrated vector control is needed rather than control simply by insecticides

Tingkat Pendidikan Keluarga Tidak Berasosiasi Dengan Risiko Tempat Perkembangbiakan Potensial Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti : Kasus Di Kota Serang

Habitat and human behavioural change is one of mosquito control effort that involves community participation in its process. This study aims to determine whether the level of education in a family influence its home into an Aedes aegypti's breeding place in Serang. The study design was cross-sectional, with field observations and interviews in it. We use husband and wife or an adult for our samples to be interviewed. To determine the risk of mosquito larvae breeding, in each house we used three classifications of Maya Index determined from the existence of controllable and disposable water containers. The results showed that of the entire container found, 98.7% arecontrollablecontainers (94.7% positive larvae), and the remaining 1.3% are disposable containers (72.7% positive larvae). Based on the results of Chi-square analysis, it is known that education level had no effect on the risk of mosquito breeding places of Ae.aegypti in the city of Serang. We conclude that the level of education of parents in a home does not affect the presence of larval breeding sites of Ae.aegypti in Serang city. It is recommended that the local government intervene the society's knowledge that focuses on mosquito breeding place controls, in order to avoid the emergence of new mosquitoes breeding place

Pola Sebaran Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kota Sukabumi Tahun 2012

Kecepatan peningkatan kasus infeksi virus Dengue di Kota Sukabumi melebihi wilayah lain di Jawa Barat. Kasus DBD di Kota Sukabumi tahun 2012 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 80% dari tahun sebelumnya. Melihat kondisi tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pola distribusi kasus DBD di Kota Sukabumi tahun 2012. Sampel penelitian adalah penderita DBD di Kota Sukabumi dari bulan Januari 2012 sampai November 2012. Data penderita diperoleh dari data rumah sakit yang melaporkan ke Dinas Kesehatan Kota Sukabumi. Data yang di peroleh dipetakan dalam peta sebaran kasus DBD di Kota Sukabumi. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa kejadian dengan Infection Rate (IR) tertinggi terdapat di kecamatan Baros yang terletak di selatan kota Sukabumi hingga bulan Juni 2012 dan kecamatan Gunung puyuh yang relatif terletak di utara kota Sukabumi mulai bulan Juli 2012

Survey Jentik Dan Aktifitas Nokturnal Aedes Spp. Di Pasar Wisata Pangandaran

Adanya aktifitas sepanjang hari termasuk malam hari di area pasar wisata pangandaran memungkinkan adanya potensi penularan DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pasar wisata pangandaran sebagai tempat terjadinya transmisi penularan penyakit DBD dengan mengetahui indeks entomologi vektor DBD dan aktifitas nokturnal Aedes spp. di kawasan pasar wisata. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 57 kios yang terpilih secara acak. Survei jentik dilakukan dengan menggunakan single larva methods. Jentik diidentifikasi di laboratorium entomologi Loka Litbang P2B2 Ciamis. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan dengan cara human landing dan resting collection. Spesies Aedes yang ditemukan adalah Aedes aegypti dengan indeks entomologi House Indeks (HI) adalah 29,8%, Bruteu Indeks (BI) 47,7 sedangkan Container Indeks (CI) 61,4% dan Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) 70,2%. Jenis kontainer yang ditemukan di kawasan pasar wisata pangadaran meliputi dispenser, ember penampungan untuk mandi, ember yang terletak diluar, bak mandi, tempat minum burung dan penampungan air selain ember. Ditemukan aktifitas Aedes aegypti malam hari (18.00-03.00) baik di dalam dan di luar rumah. Hasil survey menunjukan bahwa pasar wisata berpotensi dan termasuk dalam kategori risiko penularan sedang. Nyamuk Aedes spp. yang terdapat di pasar wisata menunjukan potensi untuk beraktifitas di malam hari

Enkapsulasi B. Bassiana Menggunakan Maizena Dan Daya Infeksinya Terhadap Larva Aedes Aegypti, Anopheles SP., Culex SP

. Encapsulation formulae of mycoinsecticide have to be able to maintain fungus viability and pathogenicity. This mycoinsecticide was developed as an alternative way to control mosquito borne disease. The aim of this study was to encapsulate Beauveria bassiana as viable storage and have the capability to kill larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sp. and Culex sp. Mosquito larvae obtained from laboratory reared at health research laboratory; Loka Litbang P2B2 Ciamis. The treatments made in this study were the formu-lation of cornstarch and controls for comparison. This study showed potential formulation of cornstarch encapsulation as a biolarvacidal. Cornstarch formulations proven to be succeed in maintaining fungus viability, however, the pathogenicity of the microcapsule still not effective to kill Aedes, Culex and Anopheles larvae