Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary

Since 1985, new sampling and reexamination of existing specimens have resulted in the finding of more than 25 additional decapod crustacean species at the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Of the 106 species of decapods that inhabit the Sanctuary, the predominant groups are the families Alpheidae, Palaemonidae, Paguridae, Diogenidae, Mithracidae, and Panopeidae. The West Flower Gardens Bank has the most diverse fauna of the areas sampled (60 species). Stetson Bank has 14 species that have not been found on the Flower Gardens Banks proper. Three species are typically found on mooring lines and oil platforms. Differences in bottom type and sampling effort may account for species differences at each bank. The majority of the species have tropical distributions

Alpheopsis harperi (Decapoda: Alpheidae): A New Species of Snapping Shrimp from Texas

Alpheopsis harperi new species is described from the coast off Freeport, Texas. The shrimp most closely resembles A. trispinosus (Stimpson), a pantropical species. Alpheopsis harperi has a short rostrum, lacks carinae on the carapace, and has lamellate, toothless fingers· of the chelae

New distribution ranges and records of caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the west coast of Mexico

Geographic records are presented for 24 species of Caridea (Crustacea: Decapoda) along Pacific coast of Mexico, in the East Pacific. New records are presented for Psathyrocaris fragilis Wood-Mason, 1893 (from Peru to Mexico), Periclimenes infraspinis (Rathbun, 1902), Pontonia margarita Smith, 1869, Alpheus cristulifrons Rathbun, 1900, Alpheus umbo Kim & Abele, 1988, Automate rugosa Coutière, 1900, and Lysmata californica (Stimpson, 1866) (within the Gulf of California), and Typton hephaestus Holthuis, 1951 (from the Gulf of California to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico). Additional records are given that establish the presence of species at intermediate localities within the Gulf of California and along the southwestern coast of Mexico

Characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna of the Galapagos Islands

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Salinas-de-León, P., Martí-Puig, P., Buglass, S., Arnés-Urgellés, C., Rastoin-Laplane, E., Creemers, M., Cairns, S., Fisher, C., O'Hara, T., Ott, B., Raineault, N. A., Reiswig, H., Rouse, G., Rowley, S., Shank, T. M., Suarez, J., Watling, L., Wicksten, M. K., & Marsh, L. Characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna of the Galapagos Islands. Scientific Reports, 10(1), (2020): 13894, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70744-1.The deep sea represents the largest and least explored biome on the planet. Despite the iconic status of the Galapagos Islands and being considered one of the most pristine locations on earth, the deep-sea benthic ecosystems of the archipelago are virtually unexplored in comparison to their shallow-water counterparts. In 2015, we embarked on a multi-disciplinary scientific expedition to conduct the first systematic characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate communities of the Galapagos, across a range of habitats. We explored seven sites to depths of over 3,300 m using a two-part Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) system aboard the E/V Nautilus, and collected 90 biological specimens that were preserved and sent to experts around the world for analysis. Of those, 30 taxa were determined to be undescribed and new to science, including members of five new genera (2 sponges and 3 cnidarians). We also systematically analysed image frame grabs from over 85 h of ROV footage to investigate patterns of species diversity and document the presence of a range of underwater communities between depths of 290 and 3,373 m, including cold-water coral communities, extensive glass sponge and octocoral gardens, and soft-sediment faunal communities. This characterization of Galapagos deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna across a range of ecosystems represents a first step to study future changes that may result from anthropogenic impacts to the planet’s climate and oceans, and informed the creation of fully protected deep-water areas in the Galapagos Marine Reserve that may help preserve these unique communities in our changing planet.We are thankful to the Ocean Exploration Trust as well as the pilots and crew aboard the E/V Nautilus during cruise NA064 for their assistance in sample collection and exploration using the Hercules ROV. Thank you to the NOAA Office of Exploration and Research for funding the E/V Nautilus Exploration Program (NA15OAR0110220). Further acknowledgements and thanks go out to the Charles Darwin Foundation and the Galapagos National Park Directorate for their collaboration and assistance in the exploration of the Galapagos Platform conducted under research permits PC-26–15 & PC-45-15. We also gratefully recognize the Government of Ecuador via the Ecuadorian Navy for permission to operate in their territorial waters. This research was supported by a grant from the Helmsley Charitable Trust and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This publication is contribution number 2354 of the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands

Cancridae Latreille 1802

Family Cancridae Latreille, 1802 The rock crabs, among the largest species of crabs in California or Oregon, have broad, oval carapaces and strong chelae. The front has several teeth, including a median tooth. The antennules fold back longitudinally. The antennal flagella are short and bear setae, especially in small animals. The third maxillipeds overlap the endostome. In many species, the ventrolateral parts of the body bear dense setae. Species of cancrids inhabit both rocky and sandy bottoms, or areas of rocks lying among sand. Metacarcinus magister (Rathbun, 1897) and M. gracilis (Dana, 1852), which usually live on open sand, have especially flattened appendages with long dactyls. Other species tend to have more rounded appendages with shorter dactyls, which often bear stiff setae or spines. Metacarcinus magister is the object of a commercial fishery, primarily from San Francisco, California northward. Natural predators of cancrids include octopuses, large fishes and the sea otter. See Garth & Abbott (1980) for a lengthy account of the natural history of these crabs. Until recently, the most comprehensive recent work on species of cancrids was that of Nations (1975). New morphological and molecular work by Schweitzer & Feldmann (2000) elevated the subgenera used by Nations to distinct generic status. The key follows those of Schmitt (1921) and Rathbun (1930), but incorporates the recent changes in generic nomenclature. A carapace is said to be areolated if it displays prominent elevated areas. The guide by Phillips (1939) is useful for identification of larger species.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 22

Pagurus capillatus

Pagurus capillatus (Benedict, 1892a) (Fig. 42H, I) Eupagurus capillatus Benedict, 1892a: 8. Pagurus capillatus. — Holmes 1900: 138. — Rathbun 1904: 157, pl. 4, fig. 3. — Schmitt 1921: 132, fig. 85. — Makarov 1962: 208, pl. 3, fig. 2. — McLaughlin 1974: 93, figs. 22, 23. — Hart 1982: 154, fig. 59. — Wicksten 1989b: 314. — Lemaitre & Castaño 2004: 77. Diagnosis. Rostrum low, about as long as lateral projections of carapace. Eyestalk long, slender; cornea slightly dilated, ocular s pointed. Major cheliped setose, dorsal surface with spines, mesial margin with serrate margin, outer margin with low teeth, fingers slender. Minor cheliped setose; carpus with proximal row of dorsal spines, scattered larger distal spines; hand with rows of spinules, row of small spines on dactyl, fingers slender. Pereopods 2, 3 slender, setose; carpi of first legs serrate on dorsal margins; dactyls longer than propodi, with ventral spines. Telson asymmetrical, with lateral notches, terminal concavity, terminal teeth. Uropods asymmetrical. Carapace length to 26 mm. Color in life. Ground color whitish. Chelipeds with merus having bands of rose, brown; carpus with apricot spines and mottling of brown, red; hand light brown, fingers with apricot apices. Pereopods 2, 3 with ischium splotched with pink, red and yellow; merus banded in red and brown, carpus and propodus each with 2 bands, dactyl greenish yellow. Eyestalk with outer rose stripe, inner brown stripe, cornea black with gold flecks. Antennal flagellum translucent. In life, color often obscured by silt on setae (Hart 1982). Habitat and depth. Muddy subtidal areas, 4–439 m. Range. Northwestern Pacific, Chukchi Sea; Bering Sea to off Santa Cruz, California. Type locality Norton Sound, Alaska.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 18

Paguristes turgidus

Paguristes turgidus (Stimpson, 1857) (Fig. 40H–J) Eupagurus turgidus Stimpson, 1857b: 484, pl. 21, fig. 1. Paguristes turgidus. — Holmes 1900: 151. — Schmitt 1921: 123, pl. 18, figs. 1, 8. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 332. — Pereyra & Alton 1972: 450. — McLaughlin 1974: 28, figs. 10–12. — Wicksten 1980c: 363; 1989b: 314. — Hart 1982: 104, fig. 36.— Jensen 1995: 68, fig. 129. Diagnosis. Rostrum about as long as lateral projections of carapace.Second antennae sparsely setose. Length of eyestalk about 0.75 times width of anterior portion of carapace. Hands about 1.33 times longer than wide, outer margin slightly convex; immovable finger at base subequal to movable finger; upper surface of hands strongly spined with numerous dark-tipped spines. Appendages densely setose. Dactyls of pereopods 2, 3 longer than propodi. Propodus, merus of pereopod 2 with strong marginal spines. Telson strongly asymmetrical, left side more elongated than right; with deep lateral notches, teeth along posterior margin. Posterior margin deeply concave. Carapace length to 32 mm. Color in life. Yellowish to orange-brown, eyestalk with longitudinal crimson stripe. Habitat and depth. Rocks and muddy sand, 5–465 m. Range. Chuckchi Sea to San Diego, California. Type locality Puget Sound. Remarks. In the northern part of its range, the species often inhabits the shells of Fusitriton oregonensis (Redfield, 1846). Crabs from California inhabited shells of species of the cold-water whelks, family Neptuneidae.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 17

Pinnixa minuscula Zmarzly 1992

Pinnixa minuscula Zmarzly, 1992 (Fig. 58F–H) Pinnixa minuscula Zmarzly, 1992: 697, fig. 11. Diagnosis. Carapace oval, 1.7–2.0 times as wide as long, surface smooth, flat; anterolateral region smooth, without ridge, slight depression in gastric region.Ventrally directed edge of anterolateral region granulate, sometimes with long plumose setae. Chelae sexually dimorphic. Female, immature male with fingers about equal in length to palm, apices of fingers curving inward, apex of dactyl closing into toothed pocket on fixed finger. Dorsal margin of dactyl with 6–10 tubercles, sparsely setose. Inner margin of dactyl concave, with small serrations. Fixed finger robust, with small serrations. No gape when closed. Mature male with more robust chela, palm wider than in female, fingers relatively shorter. Pereopods 2–5 flattened, with long slender dactyls. Pereopod 4 most robust, its propodus with 4–6 sharp spines on ventral margin. Dactyl of pereopod 5 reaching distal end of carpus of pereopod 4. Carapace length about 2 mm. Color in life. Carapace somewhat translucent, internal organs visible within, otherwise orange brown (Zmarzly 1992). Habitat and depth. Sandy substrates, 27–50 m. Symbiotic associations unknown. Range. Goleta, Santa Barbara County to San Diego, California. Type locality San Diego.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 25

Blepharipoda occidentalis Randall 1840

Blepharipoda occidentalis Randall, 1840 (Fig. 38A, B) Blepharipoda occidentalis Randall, 1840: 131, pl. 6. — Holmes 1900: 104. — Rathbun 1904: 167. — Schmitt 1921: 172, pl. 31, fig. 6. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 347, fig. 295. — MacGinitie & MacGinitie 1968: 304. — Haig & Abbott 1980: 582, fig. 24.5. — Ricketts et al. 1985: 254, fig. 205. — Jensen 1995: 77, fig. 156. — Boyko 2002: 27, figs. 9–11. — Kuris et al. 2007: 648. Diagnosis. Carapace oblong, with 4 sharp spines on each side, somewhat scaly in front, smooth posteriorly; median projection spiniform, longitudinal median ridge with spine at anterior end. Both pairs of antennae long, setose. Eyestalk cylindrical, exceeding length of median projection of carapace. First pereopods with strong, spiny chelipeds. Pereopods 2–4 flattened, with semicircular dactyls. Abdominal somites well separated laterally. Telson rounded. Carapace length to 60 mm. Color in life. Carapace dark gray, legs cream-colored. The color notes are based on crabs from San Francisco, California. Habitat and depth. Sandy beaches, lower intertidal zone to 9 m. Range. Stinson Beach, California to Santa Rosalia Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality San Diego, California. Remarks. Adults of this species are scavengers, whereas juveniles filter plankton from the water. The crabs usually are buried out of sight in sand. Molts commonly are cast ashore.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 16

Rhynocrangon alata

Rhynocrangon alata (Rathbun, 1902) (Fig. 29H, I) Sclerocrangon alata Rathbun, 1902a: 891. — Rathbun 1904: 134, fig. 72, 73.— Kozloff 1974: 164. — Wicksten 1980: 38. Rhynocrangon alata. — Zarenkov 1965: 1764. — Butler 1980: 93. — Jensen 1995: 42, fig. 63. Diagnosis. Body stout, shell thick, knobby. Rostrum short, about 0.5 times carapace length, with broad base, curved concavely from base to apex. Carapace with 2 dorsal teeth arising from median carina, antennal, branchiostegal, weak pterygostomian teeth, hepatic tooth on each side. Eye small, exposed. Antennular peduncle not as long as scaphocerite. Lateral tooth of scaphocerite slightly exceeding blade. Third maxilliped long, stout, with exopod. Pereopod 1 with sharp distal tooth on carpus, dactylus of subchela closing transversely across propodus. Pereopod 2 slender, chelate. Pereopod 3 slender, dactylus slender, acute. Pereopods 4, 5 stout, dactyls slender, acute. Abdominal somites 1, 2 with large median dorsal tubercles, somite 3 with high median carina with posterior projection, somites 4, 5 each with median dorsal carina, projected posteriorly as blunt tooth; pleura rounded or obtuse. Telson shorter than uropods, with 2 pairs minute dorsolateral spines, acute apex. Male total length 44 mm, female 45. Color in life. Variable, mottled with brown, rose-pink patches (Jensen 1995). Habitat and depth. On hard rocks or shale 11–167 m,. Range. Peter the Great Bay, Russia; Akutan I., Bering Sea to Santa Barbara Channel, (34˚ 25' N, 120˚18' W), California. Type locality Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 12