The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT FUNCTIONS FOR CO

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Harvard UniversityThe electric dipole moment functions of carbon monoxide in the electronic states $X ^{1}\Sigma, a ^{3}\Pi$ and $a^{\prime}{}^{3}\Sigma$ are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the a $^{3}\Pi$ state where most experimental data are available

A MODEL MECHANISM FOR MICRCWAVE OPTICAL DOUBLE RESONANCE

This work was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation.""Author Institution: Quantum Institute, University of CaliforniaA model has been developed no describe the mechanism for microwave optical double resonance. This semiclassical model utilizes a steady-state kinetic analysis and two sets of two-level transition probabilities; one for the microwave radiation field and one for the laser optical field. The model predicts a relative double resonance signal intensity of up to 33\%, and suggests an origin for the large 5 MHz linewidths previously observed in the ground state microwave optical double resonance experiments on BaO. A similar approach should be applicable to some other forms of double resonance spectroscopy in which collisions and saturation effects must be considered

RADIOFREQUENCY SPECTROSCOPY ON PERTURBED EXCITED STATES OF CO

Author Institution: Chemistry Department, Harvard UniversityThe high resolution of radiofrequency spectroscopy provides a sensitive probe of interactions between molecular excited states. This paper will consist of a report on work in progress on an optical-radiofrequency double resonance experiment on $A^{1}\Pi$ CO and a discussion of the origin and analysis of lambda doublings

TRIPLET STATES: METASTABILITY AND NON-RADIATIVE RELAXATION PROCESSES

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge; Department of Chemistry University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106.We have examined, by means of a molecular beam electric resonance spectrometer with cesium target Auger effect detector, a number of aromatic, olefinic, acetylenic, carbonyl, and cyano compounds, for the existence of metastable states. The method consists of electron impact excitation of a beam of ground state molecules, followed by an 8O cm drift region to the Auger detector. The cesium detector is capable of observing electronic states 2eV above the ground state. The drift time is of the order of I msec. For a number of the species studied, a low lying triplet state has been established by electron energy loss measurements or absorption spectroscopy. Frequently, for these systems us do not observe a metastable species. A discussion of non-radiative processes effecting the lack of observable metestability will be presented. An experimental survey of chemical structure parameters governing the existence of triplet metastability is in progress and will be reported

VIBRATIONAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE GROUND STATE OF BARIUM OXIDE

Author Institution: Quantum Institute, University of CaliforniaThe vibrational population distributions of ground state BaO formed by the reactions $Ba + O_{2}$ and $Ba + N_{2}O$ at 0.3 to 10 Torr have been measured. A scanning rhodamine 6G cw dye laser is used to pump $X^{1}\Sigma(\nu^{\prime\prime}) \rightarrow A^{1}\Sigma(\nu ^{\prime})$ transitions from sequential ground state vibrationa1 levels $(\nu^{\prime\prime}_{i})$, while a 3 nm resolution monochromator detects only the photo-luminescence originating from this $A^{1}\Sigma(\nu ^{\prime})$ in a band outside the dye laser region. Shown below are the relative populations, determined from laser induced fluorescence intensities, of the $\nu ^{\prime} = 0$ through $\nu ^{\prime} = 7$ vibrational levels of $BaO X^{1}\Sigma$ formed in the $Ba + 0_{2}$ reaction at 0.3 Torr. [FIGURE] Similar data for the $Ba + N_{2}O$ reaction suggest that a population inversion may exist between $BaO\ \ A^{1}\Sigma(\nu^{\prime} = 1)^{1}$ and $X^{1}\Sigma(\nu^{\prime\prime}= 7)$ at 16 Torr