3,565 research outputs found
From Hadrons to Nuclei: Crossing the Border
The study of nuclei predates by many years the theory of quantum
chromodynamics. More recently, effective field theories have been used in
nuclear physics to ``cross the border'' from QCD to a nuclear theory. We are
now entering the second decade of efforts to develop a perturbative theory of
nuclear interactions using effective field theory. This work describes the
current status of these efforts.Comment: 141 pages, 58 figs, latex. To appear in the Boris Ioffe Festschrift,
ed. by M. Shifman, World Scientifi
Information Extraction in Illicit Domains
Extracting useful entities and attribute values from illicit domains such as
human trafficking is a challenging problem with the potential for widespread
social impact. Such domains employ atypical language models, have `long tails'
and suffer from the problem of concept drift. In this paper, we propose a
lightweight, feature-agnostic Information Extraction (IE) paradigm specifically
designed for such domains. Our approach uses raw, unlabeled text from an
initial corpus, and a few (12-120) seed annotations per domain-specific
attribute, to learn robust IE models for unobserved pages and websites.
Empirically, we demonstrate that our approach can outperform feature-centric
Conditional Random Field baselines by over 18\% F-Measure on five annotated
sets of real-world human trafficking datasets in both low-supervision and
high-supervision settings. We also show that our approach is demonstrably
robust to concept drift, and can be efficiently bootstrapped even in a serial
computing environment.Comment: 10 pages, ACM WWW 201
Association of serum-soluble heat shock protein 60 with carotid atherosclerosis: clinical significance determined in a follow-up study
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous work has shown that soluble heat shock protein 60 (HSP60; sHSP60), present in circulating blood, is associated with carotid atherosclerosis. In the current evaluation, we tested the hypothesis that sHSP60 levels are associated with the progression of carotid arteriosclerosis, prospectively. METHODS: The association of sHSP60 with early atherogenesis (5-year development and progression of nonstenotic carotid plaques) was investigated as part of the population-based prospective Bruneck Study. The current study focused on the follow-up period between 1995 and 2000 and, thus, included 684 subjects. RESULTS: sHSP60 levels measured in 1995 and 2000 were highly correlated (r=0.40; P<0.001), indicating consistency over a 5-year period. Circulating HSP60 levels were significantly correlated with antilipopolysaccharide and anti-HSP60 antibodies. It was also elevated in subjects with chronic infection (top quintile group of HSP60, among subjects with and without chronic infection: 23.8% versus 17.0%; P=0.003 after adjustment for age and sex). HSP60 levels were significantly associated with early atherogenesis, both in the entire population (multivariate odds ratio, for a comparison between quintile group V versus I+II: 2.0 [1.2 to 3.5] and the subgroup free of atherosclerosis at the 1995 baseline: 3.8 [1.6 to 8.9]). The risk of early atherogenesis was additionally amplified when high-sHSP60 and chronic infection were present together. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first prospective data confirming an association between high levels of sHSP60 and early carotid atherosclerosis. This possibly indicates an involvement of sHSP60 in activating proinflammatory processes associated with early vessel pathology
Relativistic calculation of the triton binding energy and its implications
First results for the triton binding energy obtained from the relativistic
spectator or Gross equation are reported. The Dirac structure of the nucleons
is taken into account. Numerical results are presented for a family of
realistic OBE models with off-shell scalar couplings. It is shown that these
off-shell couplings improve both the fits to the two-body data and the
predictions for the binding energy.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX 3.0, 1 figure (uses epsfig.sty
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics - Particle Production and Cluster Properties
This paper constructs relativistic quantum mechanical models of particles
satisfying cluster properties and the spectral condition which do not conserve
particle number. The treatment of particle production is limited to systems
with a bounded number of bare-particle degrees of freedom. The focus of this
paper is about the realization of cluster properties in these theories.Comment: 36 pages, Late
Adaptive space-time model order reduction with dual-weighted residual (MORe DWR) error control for poroelasticity
In this work, the space-time MORe DWR (Model Order Reduction with
Dual-Weighted Residual error estimates) framework is extended and further
developed for single-phase flow problems in porous media. Specifically, our
problem statement is the Biot system which consists of vector-valued
displacements (geomechanics) coupled to a Darcy flow pressure equation. The
MORe DWR method introduces a goal-oriented adaptive incremental proper
orthogonal decomposition (POD) based-reduced-order model (ROM). The error in
the reduced goal functional is estimated during the simulation, and the POD
basis is enriched on-the-fly if the estimate exceeds a given threshold. This
results in a reduction of the total number of full-order-model solves for the
simulation of the porous medium, a robust estimation of the quantity of
interest and well-suited reduced bases for the problem at hand. We apply a
space-time Galerkin discretization with Taylor-Hood elements in space and a
discontinuous Galerkin method with piecewise constant functions in time. The
latter is well-known to be similar to the backward Euler scheme. We demonstrate
the efficiency of our method on the well-known two-dimensional Mandel benchmark
and a three-dimensional footing problem.Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures, 3 table
Who Is In Charge, and Who Should Be? The Disciplinary Role of the Commander in Military Justice Systems
BackgroundStandard therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is radiotherapy plus temozolomide. In this phase 3 study, we evaluated the effect of the addition of bevacizumab to radiotherapy-temozolomide for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma. MethodsWe randomly assigned patients with supratentorial glioblastoma to receive intravenous bevacizumab (10 mg per kilogram of body weight every 2 weeks) or placebo, plus radiotherapy (2 Gy 5 days a week; maximum, 60 Gy) and oral temozolomide (75 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day) for 6 weeks. After a 28-day treatment break, maintenance bevacizumab (10 mg per kilogram intravenously every 2 weeks) or placebo, plus temozolomide (150 to 200 mg per square meter per day for 5 days), was continued for six 4-week cycles, followed by bevacizumab monotherapy (15 mg per kilogram intravenously every 3 weeks) or placebo until the disease progressed or unacceptable toxic effects developed. The coprimary end points were investigator-assessed progression-free survival and overall survival. ResultsA total of 458 patients were assigned to the bevacizumab group, and 463 patients to the placebo group. The median progression-free survival was longer in the bevacizumab group than in the placebo group (10.6 months vs. 6.2 months; stratified hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 0.74; P<0.001). The benefit with respect to progression-free survival was observed across subgroups. Overall survival did not differ significantly between groups (stratified hazard ratio for death, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.02; P=0.10). The respective overall survival rates with bevacizumab and placebo were 72.4% and 66.3% at 1 year (P=0.049) and 33.9% and 30.1% at 2 years (P=0.24). Baseline health-related quality of life and performance status were maintained longer in the bevacizumab group, and the glucocorticoid requirement was lower. More patients in the bevacizumab group than in the placebo group had grade 3 or higher adverse events (66.8% vs. 51.3%) and grade 3 or higher adverse events often associated with bevacizumab (32.5% vs. 15.8%). ConclusionsThe addition of bevacizumab to radiotherapy-temozolomide did not improve survival in patients with glioblastoma. Improved progression-free survival and maintenance of baseline quality of life and performance status were observed with bevacizumab; however, the rate of adverse events was higher with bevacizumab than with placebo.
A Weighted Estimate for the Square Function on the Unit Ball in \C^n
We show that the Lusin area integral or the square function on the unit ball
of \C^n, regarded as an operator in weighted space has a linear
bound in terms of the invariant characteristic of the weight. We show a
dimension-free estimate for the ``area-integral'' associated to the weighted
norm of the square function. We prove the equivalence of the classical
and the invariant classes.Comment: 11 pages, to appear in Arkiv for Matemati
Effective potential between two gluons from the scalar glueball
Starting from the glueball mass and wave function computed from
lattice QCD, we compute the local potential between two constituent gluons.
Since the properties of constituent gluons are still a matter of research, we
allow for them to be either massless, or massive with a mass around 0.7 GeV.
Both pictures are actually used in the literature. When the gluons are
massless, the corresponding local potential is shown to be compatible with a
Cornell form, that is a linear confinement plus a short-range Coulomb part,
with standard values for the flux tube energy density and for the strong
coupling constant. When the gluons are massive, the confining potential is a
saturating one, commonly used to simulate string-breaking effects. These
results fill a gap between lattice QCD and phenomenological models: The picture
of the scalar glueball as a bound state of two constituent gluons interacting
via a phenomenological potential is shown to emerge from pure gauge lattice QCD
computations. Moreover, we show that the allowed potential shape is constrained
by the mass of the constituent gluons.Comment: 4 figures; Comments added, one typo corrected in v2. V3 accepted for
publication in EPJA : major changes, content enlarged, inclusion of massive
gluon
APO010, a synthetic hexameric CD95 ligand, induces human glioma cell death in vitro and in vivo
Death receptor targeting has emerged as one of the promising novel approaches of cancer therapy. The activation of one such prototypic death receptor, CD95 (Fas/APO-1), has remained controversial because CD95 agonistic molecules have exhibited either too strong toxicity or too little activity. The natural CD95 ligand (CD95L) is a cytokine, which needs to trimerize to mediate a cell death signal. Mega-Fas-Ligand, now referred to as APO010, is a synthetic hexameric CD95 agonist that exhibits strong antitumor activity in various tumor models. Here, we studied the effects of APO010 in human glioma models in vitro and in vivo. Compared with a cross-linked soluble CD95L or a CD95-agonistic antibody, APO010 exhibited superior activity in glioma cell lines expressing CD95 and triggered caspase-dependent cell death. APO010 reduced glioma cell viability in synergy when combined with temozolomide. The locoregional administration of APO010 induced glioma cell death in vivo and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. A further exploration of APO010 as a novel antiglioma agent is warranted
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