Impairment of hand motor function.

<p>Bars display the percentage of patients displaying the respective motor impairment. Significance: * p<0.001 ipsilateral vs. contralateral hand, Wilcoxon signed ranks method test.</p

Patient disposition.

<p>Disposition of patients eligible for the study. Eligible patients had been treated at the pain clinic and were diagnosed with chronic CRPS (Duration of disease more than 12 months).</p

Active range of motion.

a<p>Paired t-test.</p

Overview on correlational and predictive interaction of sensory function, pain, hyperalgesia, and motor and psychological functioning.

<p>Multiple correlation was calculated to analyse correlations between functional blocks of parameters using the stepwise forward method of building regression equations. Median split analysis was then applied to assign direction of influence of parameters included in the regression equation, i.e. to identify predictors.</p

Characteristics of CRPS patients and control subjects.

*<p>unpaired t-test</p>#<p>Yates-corrected chi-square</p

Health related quality of life: (SF-36).

<p>The scales of the SF-36 score from 0–100, with 0 indicating worst health and 100 the best.</p><p>PF: Physical Functioning.</p><p>RP: Role Limitations, Physical:</p><p>BP: Bodily Pain.</p><p>GH: General Health.</p><p>VT: Vitality.</p><p>SF: Social Functioning.</p><p>RE: Role Limitations, Emotional.</p><p>MH: Emotional Well-Being.</p><p>PCS: Physical Component Summary Score MCS: Mental Component Summary Score.</p><p>t0: Before beginning of treatment.</p><p>t1: One year after beginning of treatment.</p><p>n.s.: Not significant.</p><p>Z-Score: SF-36 data were normalized to a US-General population (n = 2393).</p

Thermal pain thresholds in acute and chronic CRPS.

<p>Cold pain thresholds (A) and heat pain thresholds (B) are significantly lowered in acute CRPS (corresponding to cold and heat hyperalgesia). Pain partially (cold pain) or totally (heat pain) recovers to normal in chronic CRPS. Significant increases of similar magnitude are also found in the contralateral “unaffected” hand for heat pain (B) and to a lesser extent in cold pain (A). Significance vs. controls: *** p<0.001; Significance vs. acute CRPS: ⁺⁺⁺ p<0.001; Significance vs. ipsilateral hand: ^(§) p<0.10, ^§ p<0.05. Note: Significance marks that bridge symbols of ipsilateral and contralateral hands apply to both hands. Error bars show 1SEM.</p

Standardized comparison of QST data normalized to mean and standard deviation of the control group (z-normalisation).

<p>A: Somatosensory profile of thermal and mechanical thresholds: Thermal Detection Thresholds: CDT: Cold Detection Threshold; WDT: Warm Detection Threshold; TSL: Thermal Sensory Limen. Thermal Pain Thresholds: CPT: Cold Pain Threshold; HPT: Heat Pain Threshold. Mechanical Pain Thresholds: PPT: Pressure Pain Threshold; MPT: Mechanical Pain Threshold; MPS: Mechanical Pain Sensitivity; WUR: Wind-up ratio. Mechanical Detection Thresholds: MDT: Mechanical Detection Threshold; VDT: Vibration Detection Threshold. B: PHS: Paradoxical Heat Sensation (PHS); Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia (DMA). Significance: ipsilateral hand vs. control: * p<0.05. Significance contralateral hand vs. control: + p<0.05. Patients with chronic CRPS displayed a bilateral hyperalgesia in every painful somatosensory modality as well as bilateral somatosensory loss.</p

Proposed modified research diagnostic criteria for CRPS.^*

<p>*<i>Bruehl S, Harden RN, Galer BS et al. External validation of IASP diagnostic criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and proposed research diagnostic criteria. International Association for the Study of Pain. Pain 1999; 81: 147–154.</i></p

Number of traumatic memories.

<p>Number of traumatic memories.</p