An Artist\u27s guide to four-color printing: A Prototype of a guide to educate artists about four-color offset printing

Occasionally artists need to have their artwork reproduced. The problem is that most artists do not understand what is involved in the four-color prepress and printing processes and, because of this, do not know how to communicate with printers. Artists often do not realize it is very difficult to make an exact copy of their artwork when it is reproduced by four-color offset lithography and are disappointed with the final printed product. The objective of this thesis project is to educate artists about four-color printing so they can communicate more effectively with printers. A prototype for a booklet entitled An Artist\u27s Guide to Four-Color Printing was created as a means toward achieving this goal. The existing literature on this subject includes two books written specifically for artists and a book specifically about reproducing artwork. All of these books are currently out of print. The author found five books written for graphic designers and print buyers (effectively an audience with little or no understanding of pre-press and printing processes) about four-color printing that an artist would probably be able to understand, but since they are not written specifically for artists, it is doubtful they would ever locate these books. Three books are written for the trade on this subject in language a person with little or no understanding of pre-press and printing processes could understand. Again it is questionable that an artist would find these works. Both books written for graphic designers and those written for trades people contain small sections about reproducing original artwork. No magazine articles were found on this subject in the leading magazines written for artists. The author theorized that artists would be more likely to read information about four-color printing if it was presented in a visual, concise manner and if it was written specifically for artists. The information for the guide was gathered primarily from two sources. The author felt she would understand the processes involved in four-color printing if she physically went through the process step-by-step. This was accomplished in a case study reproducing five pieces by Rochester artist David Lang. These pieces are hand colored black and white photographs. The case study was documented by the author\u27s husband, Richard Miller, a professional photographer. Richard\u27s photographs, accompanied by lengthy captions, comprise the first section of the booklet, showing the reader the pre-press and printing processes step-by-step. The second section in the booklet is entitled Specific Notes About the Reproduction of Artwork. The information for this section was gathered from seven professionals in printing and three artists who have had their artwork reproduced. The glossary was written from the author\u27s knowledge about the subject except where footnoted. The author designed the booklet and produced it using knowledge about typography and desktop publishing learned at Rochester Institute of Technology. The booklet was reviewed by seven artists to determine whether such a booklet would indeed help them to understand what is involved in four-color printing. A questionnaire was used as a means of collecting responses to the booklet. These responses were tallied and recorded. The response to the booklet was favorable. All of the artists replied that they would be able to communicate with printers more effectively as a result of reading the booklet

MATERNAL EFFECTS AND SEXUAL SELECTION IN THE HELICONIA BUG, LEPTOSCELIS TRICOLOR (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)

The early environment experienced by organisms can have significant phenotypic effects that persist throughout life. Parents, mothers in particular, commonly determine these early environments. Maternal effects, or the influence of maternal phenotypes on offspring phenotypes, are therefore likely ubiquitous in natural populations. However, the frequency and evolutionary consequences of maternal effects are largely unknown. Here I show that maternal phenotypes can have large effects on offspring morphology, fecundity, and behavior. I theoretically explore the potential for these effects to resolve the long-standing lek paradox in the field of sexual selection. I also empirically investigate these effects in the heliconia bug, Leptoscelis tricolor. Females heliconia bugs lay eggs on several species of heliconia plants in Panama and Costa Rica. Host plant species choice by mothers largely determines the natal environment that offspring will experience due to the limited mobility of juveniles. Insects that emerged on one species of heliconia, Heliconia platystachys, were larger, and males expressed relatively larger secondary-sexual traits for their body size than those raised on H. mariae. The mating probability and fecundity of female offspring was higher on H. platystachys. Furthermore, males raised on H. platystachys performed a faster rate of copulatory courtship while mating and also boosted this rate when mating with females from H. platystachys. Such copulatory movements may enhance male and female reproductive success. While host plant species choice by mothers had significant maternal effects on offspring overall, the consequences for offspring varied with time. Mothers that laid eggs on H. platystachys early in the wet season produced large, fecund offspring in good phenotypic condition. This maternal effect gradually changed until, later in the season, sons and daughters raised on H. platystachys were smaller and daughters laid few or no eggs and did not mate. Thus, at some times H. platystachys appeared to be a much superior host plant for offspring, while at other times, H. mariae was better. Dynamic consequences of maternal behaviors (here, host plant species choice) for offspring have only rarely been explored and may have far-reaching consequences for the evolution of maternal and offspring traits

Chieftaincy-Based Community Dispute Resolution: The Case of Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone suffered a destructive 11-year civil war that largely left its communities torn apart and in need of vast redevelopment. One of the ways that communities are rebuilding and making efforts to move forward is through the chieftaincy-based community dispute resolution process. Based on historical norms, this process involves the community leader, or chief, helping to resolve disputes within the community. This article reviews this chieftaincy-based community dispute resolution process, discusses the types of disputes settled, and provides broader lessons learned for communities who may be interested in truly community-based dispute resolution

Through Community Eyes: The Transition of International Organizations from Community Aid to Development in Postconflict Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone experienced an 11-year civil war, brutalizing its people and destroying its communities. With the cessation of violence, international organizations helped to secure peace, deliver aid and supplies, and, after, assist with development projects. This grounded theory study, which aims to understand the role these organizations played from the viewpoint of community members in 2 communities, posits that community members’ regard of international organizations lessened as their efforts transitioned from securing the peace and relief efforts to aid for development. Highlighted are the successes and challenges of this work and a broad discussion of implications and recommendations

Toward a Scholarship of Peace Leadership

This article discusses the phenomenon of peace leadership, an emerging sub-area of leadership studies. This literature review discusses peace leadership scholarly work specifically identified as such by its authors, and therefore does not include literature potentially viewed as informing the broader discussion of peace leadership. The peace leadership specific scholarly literature discussed herein includes work on the traits, characteristics, and practices of peace leaders; peace leader role and responsibilities; and the connective and collective nature of peace leadership. Discussion of the literature concludes with a proposed definition of peace leadership and three suggestions for ways to continue to build peace leadership scholarship including: empirical studies, theoretical and conceptual model creation, and ongoing informed discussions, and in itself contributes to the emerging conversation of peace leadership

Postconflict Community Development in Sierra Leone: Western, Cultural, and National Influences

Sierra Leone was torn apart by a terrible eleven-year civil war. Rebel forces raped and murdered civilians, burned down crops and villages, and looted homes and community structures in a quest to overturn the long-corrupt government. Since 2002 communities have begun the process of developing toward a sustainable peace. Using grounded theory and inductive analysis, this qualitative research study conducted during the summer of 2009 examines the development efforts of two communities in the Northern provinces of Sierra Leone, Lungi and Makeni. Findings reveal that there are three influences playing a role in their development: western, cultural, and national. This research describes the impact that these influences are having on postconflict community development and the ways in which they are working to affect change. This study shows that while western organizations are able to provide means for assistance, they often struggle to connect with the local people. Culturally, leadership and community-based initiatives encourage community cohesion and build on resilience, but are limited by the resources they can provide and the traditions that in some instances undermine issues of equality. Finally, national influences, which appear uniquely situated to link the resources of western influences with local cultural practices, are limited in their ability to make these connections in a way that successfully contributes to Sierra Leone\u27s development. This research suggests that postconflict community development in Sierra Leone would benefit from a more integrated and collective approach on the part of these three main influential systems. Although the findings in this research are not generalizable, they offer some insight for other countries struggling to achieve community development after conflict

Improving Energy Efficiency in Collection Storage in Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas, PF-271970-20.

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) awarded the University of Kansas (KU) Libraries a Sustaining Cultural Heritage Collections Implementation Grant to complete the second phase of a multi-phased approach to update the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVAC) in the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, which houses the University’s archival and special collections. The current award allowed KU Libraries to implement some of the energy-saving recommendations proposed by the Image Permanence Institute, previously hired by KU Libraries with funds from a NEH Sustaining Cultural Heritage Collections Planning Grant. The focus of the current Implementation Grant was to replace pneumatically controlled reheats in collection areas of the building (approximately two-thirds of the building’s area) with modern electric reheats, variable air volume (VAV) dampers, and new direct digital controls (DDC) as a first step in eventually replacing the entire air handling system that dates to 1968. While the AHU in Spencer Library provides cooled, filtered, and some degree of humidity-controlled air to the building, all heating and dehumidification comes from the electric reheats installed in ducts throughout the building. Testing and balancing of the system was completed before installation in order to garner a more complete picture of airflow throughout the building, as well as detailed information about the functionality of each heater. Collected data informed the installation of thirty-five heaters in collection storage areas, which took place after some delays due to the pandemic. After installation, a second testing and balancing operation was conducted to test the efficacy of the new heaters. Environmental monitoring for temperature and relative humidity was conducted throughout the granting period and continues. The ultimate goal of the long-term project was to better preserve our collections while also finding ways to save energy.National Endowment for the Humanitie

White Paper to the National Endowment for the Humanities: PF-20161213: Improving the Physical Environment in Spencer Research Library, October 2017-March 2019

Award PF-20161213The National Endowment for the Humanities awarded the University of Kansas Libraries a grant of $50,000 under the Sustaining Cultural Collections program to engage consultants from Image Permanence Institute (IPI), Rochester Institute of Technology, for an 18-month period to collect and analyze data on the environmental conditions within the Kenneth Spencer Research Library collection storage and staff areas. The consultants were required to report results of their research and recommendations at the end of the contract period. The University of Kansas Libraries assembled an Environmental Management Team to engage in a thorough planning process with the IPI consultants in order to identify problems and determine feasible, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable solutions for the fifty-year old Kenneth Spencer Research Library and its heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, dating from construction. The ultimate goals of the project were to better preserve the collections and the facility itself while, if possible, reducing the environmental impact of the building’s operations. The project proceeded smoothly during the entire grant period, with no omissions or significant changes to the proposed plan. The consultants planned three visits to the University campus to evaluate the building and its HVAC system and to communicate with University staff from the physical plant and the Libraries. Robust communication ensued among Library and University staff and the consultants throughout the contract period.National Endowment for the Humanitie

Migrant and Refugee Women: A Case for Community Leadership

The current paper posits that forced migration, as seen as a movement through a liminal space, provides the opportunity for refugee women to build upon their resilience and create social capital to find new ways and spaces to engage in community leadership. Escalating conflict in different parts of the world has led millions of people to flee their homelands in search of safety and protection. Based on recent statistics shared by the World Bank, more than 100 million people were forcibly displaced by May 2022, and two-thirds of the world\u27s poor population is expected to live in settings dominated by conflict and violence by 2030 (World Bank, 2022). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2023) estimated that women and girls comprise around 50% of any refugee population; the percentage grows even larger when all refugee children are included