38 research outputs found
Effects of acid-base status and fluoride on the composition of the mineral in developing enamel and dentine in the dog
Developing molar teeth of the dog were sectioned, embedded in copper containing polymethyl methacrylate, polished and their Ca/P and Ca/Na molar ratios investigated with the electron microprobe. The teeth were obtained at 30 days from 9 pups fed regimes of different acid-base status with or without fluoride supplementation from birth to sacrifice at 30 days. No clear trends in their Ca/P or Ca/Na ratios with variation in the diet were observed. However, evaluation of the Ca/P ratio of the enamel as a function of depth revealed that this ratio was 0.80 +/- 0.15 at the mineralization front. This suggests that in enamel brushite rather than octacalcium phosphate is the precursor phase of the mineral
Effects of acid-base status and fluoride on the composition of the mineral in developing enamel and dentine in the dog
Developing molar teeth of the dog were sectioned, embedded in copper containing polymethyl methacrylate, polished and their Ca/P and Ca/Na molar ratios investigated with the electron microprobe. The teeth were obtained at 30 days from 9 pups fed regimes of different acid-base status with or without fluoride supplementation from birth to sacrifice at 30 days. No clear trends in their Ca/P or Ca/Na ratios with variation in the diet were observed. However, evaluation of the Ca/P ratio of the enamel as a function of depth revealed that this ratio was 0.80 +/- 0.15 at the mineralization front. This suggests that in enamel brushite rather than octacalcium phosphate is the precursor phase of the mineral
Influence of Genetic Background on Fluoride Metabolism in Mice
A/J and 129P3/J mouse strains have different susceptibilities to dental fluorosis, due to their genetic backgrounds. This study tested whether these differences are due to variations in water intake and/or F metabolism. A/J (susceptible to dental fluorosis) and 129P3/J mice (resistant) received drinking water containing 0, 10, or 50 ppm F. Weekly F intake, excretion and retention, and terminal plasma and femur F levels were determined. Dental fluorosis was evaluated clinically and by quantitative fluorescence (QF). Data were tested by two-way ANOVA. Although F intakes by the strains were similar, excretion by A/J mice was significantly higher due to greater urinary F excretion, which resulted in lower plasma and femur F levels. Compared with 129P3/J mice given 50 ppm F, significantly higher QF scores were recorded for A/J mice. In conclusion, these strains differ with respect to several features of F metabolism, and amelogenesis in the 129P3/J strain seems to be unaffected by high F exposure
Assessment of Dental Fluorosis in Mmp20+/− Mice
The molecular mechanisms that underlie dental fluorosis are poorly understood. The retention of enamel proteins hallmarking fluorotic enamel may result from impaired hydrolysis and/or removal of enamel proteins. Previous studies have suggested that partial inhibition of Mmp20 expression is involved in the etiology of dental fluorosis. Here we ask if mice expressing only one functional Mmp20 allele are more susceptible to fluorosis. We demonstrate that Mmp20+/− mice express approximately half the amount of MMP20 as do wild-type mice. The Mmp20 heterozygous mice have normal-appearing enamel, with Vickers microhardness values similar to those of wild-type control enamel. Therefore, reduced MMP20 expression is not solely responsible for dental fluorosis. With 50-ppm-fluoride (F−) treatment ad libitum, the Mmp20+/− mice had F− tissue levels similar to those of Mmp20+/+ mice. No significant difference in enamel hardness was observed between the F−-treated heterozygous and wild-type mice. Interestingly, we did find a small but significant difference in quantitative fluorescence between these two groups, which may be attributable to slightly higher protein content in the Mmp20+/− mouse enamel. We conclude that MMP20 plays a nominal role in dental enamel fluorosis
Supplementary Material for: Proteomic Mapping of Dental Enamel Matrix from Inbred Mouse Strains: Unraveling Potential New Players in Enamel
<p>Enamel formation is a complex 2-step process by which proteins are
secreted to form an extracellular matrix, followed by massive protein
degradation and subsequent mineralization. Excessive systemic exposure
to fluoride can disrupt this process and lead to a condition known as
dental fluorosis. The genetic background influences the responses of
mineralized tissues to fluoride, such as dental fluorosis, observed in
A/J and 129P3/J mice. The aim of the present study was to map the
protein profile of enamel matrix from A/J and 129P3/J strains. Enamel
matrix samples were obtained from A/J and 129P3/J mice and analyzed by
2-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography coupled with
mass spectrometry. A total of 120 proteins were identified, and 7 of
them were classified as putative uncharacterized proteins and analyzed
in silico for structural and functional characterization. An interesting
finding was the possibility of the uncharacterized sequence Q8BIS2
being an enzyme involved in the degradation of matrix proteins. Thus,
the results provide a comprehensive view of the structure and function
for putative uncharacterized proteins found in the enamel matrix that
could help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enamel
biomineralization and genetic susceptibility to dental fluorosis.</p