Freshwater fish fauna of Tasman Peninsula

Of the 25 native freshwater fish species found in Tasmania, nine occur on Tasman Peninsula along with one species of introduced fish, the brown trout Salmo trutta. The spotted galaxias Galaxias truttaceus and the common jollytail G. mandalus were the most widespread and abundant species found and fishes within the family Galaxiidae dominated the fauna. The life cycles of the fish species could be classified into three types largely based on the juvenile and adult habitats. Type 1 species, exemplified by the pouched lamprey Georria australis, breed and the young undergo a period of development in freshwater and there is an extended period spent at sea. Type 2 species, such as the short-finned eel Anguilla australis, breed at sea and, after a marine juvenile stage, mature in freshwater. lype 3a species breed in estuaries, the young spend a period of development at sea and the fish mature in freshwater. The common jollytail is an example of this type. Type 3b species, such as the spolted galaxias, mature and breed in freshwater and, as with Type 3a, have a marine juvenile stage. Most fish were collected in habitats characteristically possessing abundant cover in the form of aquatic vegetation, logs or boulders. The only introduced species, brown trout, was not widespread on the peninsula and its effect on the native fish, although uncertain, appears minimal. Due to the necessily for all species of native freshwater fish found on the peninsula to migrate up and down streams at some stage of their life cycles, caution is expressed regarding any modifications to stream habitat which may prevent this

Phacidium and Ceuthospora (Phacidiaceae) are congeneric: taxonomic and nomenclatural implications

The morphologically diverse genus Ceuthospora has traditionally been linked to Phacidium sexual morphs via association, though molecular or cultural data to confirm this relationship have been lacking. The aim of this study was thus to resolve the relationship of these two genera by generating nucleotide sequence data for three loci, ITS, LSU and RPB2. Based on these results, Ceuthospora is reduced to synonymy under the older generic name Phacidium. Phacidiaceae (currently Helotiales) is suggested to constitute a separate order, Phacidiales (Leotiomycetes), as sister to Helotiales, which is clearly paraphyletic. Phacidiaceae includes Bulgaria, and consequently the family Bulgariaceae becomes a synonym of Phacidiaceae. Several new combinations are introduced in Phacidium, along with two new species, P. pseudophacidioides, which occurs on Ilex and Chamaespartium in Europe, and Phacidium trichophori, which occurs on Trichophorum cespitosum subsp. germanicum in The Netherlands. The generic name Allantophomopsiella is introduced to accommodate A. pseudotsugae, a pathogen of conifers, while Gremmenia is resurrected to accommodate the snow-blight pathogens of conifers, G. abietis, G. infestans, and G. pini-cembrae