Alien Registration- White, Benjamin A. (Baileyville, Washington County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/2398/thumbnail.jp

Patterning nonisometric origami in nematic elastomer sheets

Nematic elastomers dramatically change their shape in response to diverse stimuli including light and heat. In this paper, we provide a systematic framework for the design of complex three dimensional shapes through the actuation of heterogeneously patterned nematic elastomer sheets. These sheets are composed of \textit{nonisometric origami} building blocks which, when appropriately linked together, can actuate into a diverse array of three dimensional faceted shapes. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that: 1) the nonisometric origami building blocks actuate in the predicted manner, 2) the integration of multiple building blocks leads to complex multi-stable, yet predictable, shapes, 3) we can bias the actuation experimentally to obtain a desired complex shape amongst the multi-stable shapes. We then show that this experimentally realized functionality enables a rich possible design landscape for actuation using nematic elastomers. We highlight this landscape through theoretical examples, which utilize large arrays of these building blocks to realize a desired three dimensional origami shape. In combination, these results amount to an engineering design principle, which we hope will provide a template for the application of nematic elastomers to emerging technologies

Primordial Non-Gaussianity: Baryon Bias and Gravitational Collapse of Cosmic String Wakes

I compute the 3-D non-linear evolution of gas and dark matter fluids in the neighbourhood of cosmic string wakes which are formed at high redshift ($z\simeq 2240$) for a ``realistic'' scenario of wake formation. These wakes are the ones which stand out most prominently as cosmological sheets and are expected to play a dominant r\^ole in the cosmic string model of structure formation. Employing a high-resolution 3-D hydrodynamics code to evolve these wakes until the present day yields results for the baryon bias generated in the inner wake region. I find that today, wakes would be $1.5 h^{-1}$ Mpc thick and contain a 70% excess in the density of baryons over the dark matter density in their centre. However, high density peaks in the wake region do not inherit a baryon enhancement. I propose a mechanism for this erasure of the baryon excess in spherically collapsed objects based on the geometry change around the collapsing region. Further, I present heuristic arguments for the consequences of this work for large scale structure in the cosmic string model and conclude that the peculiarities of wake formation are unlikely to have significant import on the discrepancy between power spectrum predictions and observations in this model. If one invokes the nucleosynthesis bound on $\Omega_b$ this could be seen as strengthening the case against $\Omega_m=1$ or for low Hubble constants.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, prepared with the AASTeX package. Minor modifications, results unchanged. ApJ in press, scheduled for Vol. 50

Physiological Ecology of Four Endemic Alabama Species and the Exotic Asiatic Weatherfish, \u3ci\u3eMisgurnus anguillicaudatus\u3c/i\u3e (Cantor, 1842)

The occurrence of Asiatic Weatherfish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, in Alabama, a state known for its rich biodiversity, has generated concern among conservation managers. The current study used respirometry techniques to investigate the effects of increasing temperature on four native southeastern fishes (one cyprinid, two percids, and one elassomid) and the non-native M. anguillicaudatus. A minimum of five individuals of each species were used, and three experimental temperatures were chosen to represent spring and summer averages of northeast Alabama streams (15, 20, and 25°C). Overall, mean standard metabolic rates (SMRs) for M. anguillicaudatus were low (97.01, 127.75, and 158.50 mg O2 kg-1h-1 at 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively); M. anguillicaudatus was the only species for which SMR did not significantly increase with temperature (p = 0.467). In contrast, mean SMRs for all native species examined were higher than M. anguillicaudatus rates at a given temperature, and mean SMRs for Cyprinella caerulea, Etheostoma brevirostrum, and Etheostoma ditrema exhibited significant increases in SMR when temperatures were increased (e.g. 403.46, 704.42, and 1150.03 mg O2 kg-1h-1 at 25°C, respectively) (p \u3c 0.01). Elassoma zonatum displayed highly significant increases in SMR when temperature increased from 15-20°C (p \u3c 0.001). Overall, the abiotic tolerances of M. anguillicaudatus may facilitate further establishment that could lead to negative impacts on native species

Humanism in the Age of COVID-19: Renewing Focus on Communication and Compassion

The global COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the largest clinical and operational challenges faced by emergency medicine, and our EDs continue to see increased volumes of infected patients, many of whom are not only ill, but acutely aware and fearful of their circumstances and potential mortality. Given this, there may be no more important time to focus on staff-patient communication and expression of compassion.However, many of the techniques usually employed by emergency clinicians to provide comfort to patients and their families are made more challenging or impossible by the current circumstances. Geriatric ED patients, who are at increased risk of severe disease, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of isolation.Despite many challenges, emergency clinicians have at their disposal a myriad of tools that can still be used to express compassion and empathy to their patients. Placing emphasis on using these techniques to maximize humanism in the care of COVID-19 patients during this crisis has the potential to bring improvements to ED patient care well after this pandemic has passed

Salicylaldehyde hydrazones: buttressing of outer sphere hydrogen-bonding and copper-extraction properties

Salicylaldehyde hydrazones are weaker copper extractants than their oxime derivatives, which are used in hydrometallurgical processes to recover ~20 % of the world’s copper. Their strength, based on the extraction equilibrium constant Ke, can be increased by nearly three orders of magnitude by incorporating electron-withdrawing or hydrogen-bond acceptor groups (X) ortho to the phenolic OH group of the salicylaldehyde unit. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the effects of the 3-X substituents arise from a combination of their influence on the acidity of the phenol in the pH-dependent equilibrium, Cu2+ + 2Lorg ⇌ [Cu(L–H)2]org + 2H+, and on their ability to ‘buttress’ interligand hydrogen bonding by interacting with the hydrazone N–H donor group. X-ray crystal structure determination and computed structures indicate that in both the solid state and the gas phase, coordinated hydrazone groups are less planar than coordinated oximes and this has an adverse effect on intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation to the neighbouring phenolate oxygen atoms

HDE 233517: Lithium and Excess Infrared Emission in Giant Stars

Recent studies have identified a small class of moderately rapidly rotating, chromospherically active, single giants, some of which are lithium rich. We present evidence suggesting the peculiar K-type star HDE 233517 is one such object. Previously, HDE 233517 has been suggested to be a young star, consistent with its large far-infrared excess and our log ε(Li) ~ 3.3. However, our high-resolution spectroscopic observations show it is likely a single, post-main-sequence K2 giant with v sin i = 15 km s-1 and modest Ca II H and K emission. The giant status of HDE 233517 is determined directly from luminosity-sensitive line ratios and a lack of significant line wings, and is further supported by a large radial velocity (46.5 km s-1), small proper motion, and the presence of interstellar absorption features. Interpretation of the data in the context of a recent mass outflow model for giant stars proposed by de la Reza and coworkers indicates that HDE 233517 has the largest mass-loss rate, ~3 × 10-7 M☉ yr-1, of any known luminosity class III giant. We suggest that the processes causing rapid rotation, large lithium abundance, and infrared excess are triggered at the base of the giant branch when the convection zone reaches the rapidly rotating core of low-mass stars