Experimental evaluation of an environmental conservation technology instructional unit

The study was conducted during the fall and winter of the 1989-1990 school year to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental conservation technology instructional unit. The instructional unit was designed for upper level high school agriculture science technology and marketing students (ASTM). The effectiveness of the unit was measured in terms of students\u27 knowledge of environmental conservation technology, students\u27 attitude toward natural resources, and teachers\u27 attitudes toward natural resources and teaching environmental conservation technology;An experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used in this study. Schools with ASTM departments were randomly selected and randomly assigned to groups from a population of 82 schools within an 80 mile radius of Iowa State University. Because a cluster sampling technique was used, the school was the experimental unit in this study. The experimental group received the instructional unit and an in-service program; the control group received only a list of environmental conservation technology lesson titles and objectives to guide their teaching;Eight instruments were developed to measure the dependent variables and to record personal, situational, and formative data. Three instruments were developed to measure student variables and five instruments were developed to be completed by the teachers;Data were analyzed using SPSSx statistical package for the social sciences. The findings revealed that the instructional unit and in-service program were effective in increasing student knowledge of environmental conservation technology. Both the experimental and control groups increased their knowledge of technology for managing and conserving natural resources. Analyses of pretest and posttest scores within the two groups revealed that the experimental group significantly increased in knowledge of environmental conservation technology. Breakdown of the knowledge test into technology and natural resources subscales revealed that both experimental and control groups significantly increased in knowledge from pretest to posttest on the technology subscale. However, only the experimental treatment group increased in knowledge from pretest to posttest on the natural resources subscale. Qualitative data reported on daily instructional reporting forms and collected from teachers, suggested that students were interested in the technology aspect of the lessons, and that the use of technologies for managing and conserving natural resources stimulated class discussions and thought;The instructional unit was unsuccessful in significantly changing students\u27 attitudes toward natural resources. Significant changes in attitudes were not observed between experimental and control groups, nor were significant changes observed within groups between pretest and posttest scores

A three-year multifaceted intervention to prevent obesity in children of Mexican-heritage.

BackgroundObesity and overweight have increased dramatically in the United States over the last decades. The complexity of interrelated causal factors that result in obesity needs to be addressed within the cultural dynamic of sub-populations. In this study, we sought to estimate the effects of a multifaceted, community-based intervention on body mass index (BMI) among Mexican-heritage children.MethodsNiños Sanos, Familia Sana (Healthy Children, Healthy Family) was a quasi-experimental intervention study designed to reduce the rate of BMI growth among Mexican-heritage children in California's Central Valley. Two rural communities were matched based on demographic and environmental characteristics and were assigned as the intervention or comparison community. The three-year intervention included parent workshops on nutrition and physical activity; school-based nutrition lessons and enhanced physical education program for children; and a monthly voucher for fruits and vegetables. Eligible children were between 3 and 8 years old at baseline. Intent-to-treat analyses were estimated using linear mixed-effect models with random intercepts. We ran a series of models for each gender where predictors were fixed except interactions between age groups and obesity status at baseline with intervention to determine the magnitude of impact on BMI.ResultsAt baseline, mean (SD) BMI z-score (zBMI) was 0.97 (0.98) in the intervention group (n = 387) and 0.98 (1.02) in the comparison group (n = 313) (NS). The intervention was significantly associated with log-transformed BMI (β = 0.04 (0.02), P = 0.03) and zBMI (β = 0.25 (0.12), P = 0.04) among boys and log-transformed BMI among obese girls (β = - 0.04 (0.02), P = 0.04). The intervention was significantly and inversely associated with BMI in obese boys and girls across all age groups and normal weight boys in the oldest group (over 6 years) relative to their counterparts in the comparison community.ConclusionsA community-based, multifaceted intervention was effective at slowing the rate of BMI growth among Mexican-heritage children. Our findings suggest that practitioners should consider strategies that address gender disparities and work with a variety of stakeholders to target childhood obesity.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01900613 . Registered 16th July 2013

Experimental evaluation of an environmental conservation technology instructional unit

The study was conducted during the fall and winter of the 1989-1990 school year to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental conservation technology instructional unit. The instructional unit was designed for upper level high school agriculture science technology and marketing students (ASTM). The effectiveness of the unit was measured in terms of students' knowledge of environmental conservation technology, students' attitude toward natural resources, and teachers' attitudes toward natural resources and teaching environmental conservation technology;An experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used in this study. Schools with ASTM departments were randomly selected and randomly assigned to groups from a population of 82 schools within an 80 mile radius of Iowa State University. Because a cluster sampling technique was used, the school was the experimental unit in this study. The experimental group received the instructional unit and an in-service program; the control group received only a list of environmental conservation technology lesson titles and objectives to guide their teaching;Eight instruments were developed to measure the dependent variables and to record personal, situational, and formative data. Three instruments were developed to measure student variables and five instruments were developed to be completed by the teachers;Data were analyzed using SPSSx statistical package for the social sciences. The findings revealed that the instructional unit and in-service program were effective in increasing student knowledge of environmental conservation technology. Both the experimental and control groups increased their knowledge of technology for managing and conserving natural resources. Analyses of pretest and posttest scores within the two groups revealed that the experimental group significantly increased in knowledge of environmental conservation technology. Breakdown of the knowledge test into technology and natural resources subscales revealed that both experimental and control groups significantly increased in knowledge from pretest to posttest on the technology subscale. However, only the experimental treatment group increased in knowledge from pretest to posttest on the natural resources subscale. Qualitative data reported on daily instructional reporting forms and collected from teachers, suggested that students were interested in the technology aspect of the lessons, and that the use of technologies for managing and conserving natural resources stimulated class discussions and thought;The instructional unit was unsuccessful in significantly changing students' attitudes toward natural resources. Significant changes in attitudes were not observed between experimental and control groups, nor were significant changes observed within groups between pretest and posttest scores.</p