An ESOL Curricular Model: Infuse ESOL Standards in Teacher Education

Florida approved teacher preparation programs provide coursework in English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) based on a mandate that began for graduates in 2004; however, there are few studies on the effects of an ESOL integrated model. The data show that an ESOL-infused program effectively prepares teacher candidates in demonstrating ESOL standards. The data were applied to a Likert scale and the results revealed that the program ranked between the ranges of average and exceeds expectations. The results will foster further research on a larger scale on ways to effectively prepare teacher candidates to work with English learners (ELs)

The Environmental Context and Function of Burnt-Mounds : New Studies of Irish Fulachtaí Fiadh

The authors acknowledge funding from The Leverhulme Trust (F/00144/AI) and assistance from a large number of individuals including; Margaret Gowen (access to sites and assistance throughout),A. Ames, H, Essex (pollen processing), S. Rouillard & R. Smith (illustrations), C. McDermott, S. Bergerbrandt, all the staff of Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd, TVAS Ireland and CRDS. Excavation works and some post-excavation analysis was paid for my Bord Gáis and the National Roads Authority (now Transport Infrastructure Ireland). Thanks also to David Smith for access to the Maureen Girling collection and assistance with identifications.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin

Two coastal upwelling domains in the northern California Current system

A pair of hydrographic sections, one north and one south of Cape Blanco at 42.9N, was sampled in five summers (1998–2000 and 2002–2003). The NH line at 44.6N lies about 130 km south of the Columbia River, and spans a relatively wide shelf off Newport, Oregon. The CR line at 41.9N off Crescent City, California, lies 300 km farther south and spans a narrower shelf. Summer winds are predominantly southward in both locations but the southward winds are stronger on the CR line. Sampling included CTD/rosette casts (to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll), zooplankton net tows and continuous operation of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. We summarize and compare July-August observations from the two locations. We find significant summer-season differences in the coastal upwelling domains north and south of Cape Blanco. Compared to the domain off Newport, the domain off Crescent City has a more saline, cooler, denser and thicker surface mixed layer, a wider coastal zone inshore of the upwelling front and jet, higher nutrient concentrations in the photic zone and higher phytoplankton biomass. The southward coastal jet lies near the coast (about 20–30 km offshore, over the shelf) on the NH line, but far from shore (about 120 km) on the CR line; a weak secondary jet lies near the shelf-break (35 km from shore) off Crescent City. Phytoplankton tend to be light-limited on the CR line and nutrient-limited on the NH line. Copepod biomass is high (15 mg C m−3) inshore of the mid-shelf on both NH and CR lines, and is also high in the core of the coastal jet off Crescent City. The CR line shows evidence of deep chlorophyll pockets that have been subducted from the surface layer. We attribute these significant differences to stronger mean southward wind stress over the southern domain, to strong small-scale wind stress curl in the lee of Cape Blanco, and to the reduced influence of the Columbia River discharge in this region

Urban Ancient Woodland in Britain’s Modern Landscape

Ancient woodland covers around 2.5% of the UK’s land surface. It harbours species-rich communities including ancient woodland indicator plants, which provide evidence of a constant landscape that has been under traditional management for several centuries. Despite their protection in the planning process, when urban development expands these woodlands can become islands within an urban matrix. In this context, woodland plant communities may be affected by pollutants, compaction of soils, changing hydrology, invasive species, habitat fragmentation or isolation. We investigated the distribution of ancient woodland in the UK and assessed the land use surrounding these sites to identify ‘urban ancient woodlands’ that were near human-dominated land cover. 10.4% of ancient woodland was found to be within 100 metres of land classed as urban fabric in the 2018 CORINE land cover data. This small but significant proportion of ancient woodland is likely to be affected by the impacts of urbanisation

Cold halocline, increased nutrients and higher chlorophyll off Oregon in 2002

Observed changes in the nutrient levels in the halocline of the California Current during 2002 indicated a natural eutrophication that was accompanied by increased chlorophyll and oxygen in surface water. Decreased oxygen in the lower water column over the shelf indicated that much of the phytoplankton production was respired rather than passed on to higher trophic levels. In 2002 the halocline water was >1ºC colder than usual and 0.5ºC colder than any previous observation. Four transect lines off the coast of Oregon show a 50% increase in nitrate, phosphate and silicate at 33 psu in 2002 compared to 1998–2001. The increase in nutrients resulted in a 2-fold increase in chlorophyll standing stocks during the summer of 2002 compared with the preceding four years. A significant portion of the increased production was subsequently respired resulting in low oxygen water over the shelf

Why Wait Until Our Community Gets Cancer?: Exploring CRC Screening Barriers and Facilitators in the Spanish-Speaking Community in North Carolina

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death among Hispanics in the United States. Despite the benefits of CRC screening, many Hispanics are not being screened. Using a combined methodology of focus groups and discrete choice experiment (DCE) surveys, the objectives for this research were as follows: (1) to improve understanding of preferences regarding potential CRC screening program characteristics, and (2) to improve understanding of the barriers and facilitators around CRC screening with the Hispanic, immigrant community in North Carolina. Four gender-stratified focus groups were conducted and DCE surveys were administered to 38 Spanish-speaking individuals across four counties in North Carolina. In-depth content analysis was used to examine the focus group data; descriptive analyses and mean attribute importance scores for cost of screening and follow-up care, travel time, and test options were calculated from DCE data. Data analyses showed that this population has a strong interest in CRC screening but experience barrier such as lack of access to resources, cost uncertainty, and stigma. Some of these barriers are unique to their cultural experiences in the United States, such as an expressed lack of tailored CRC information. Based on the DCE, cost variables were more important than testing options or travel time. This study suggests that Hispanics may have a general awareness of and interest in CRC screening, but multiple barriers prevent them from getting screened. Special attention should be given to designing culturally and linguistically appropriate programs to improve access to healthcare resources, insurance, and associated costs among Hispanics

Use of polimerase chain reaction for sexing south american camelids

Se reporta el desarrollo y optimizaciones de técnicas moleculares (PCR simple, múltiple y semi-anidada) para determinar el sexo de camélidos sudamericanos (CSA) amplificando la secuencia del gen Zinc Finger Protein (ZF). La técnica utilizó ADN obtenido de 28 muestras de sangre de alpacas, llamas y vicuñas, 20 muestras de heces de vicuñas y guanacos conservadas en etanol al 96%, y 22 embriones de alpaca colectados entre 72 y 96 horas postmonta y preservados en etanol. Las muestras de ADN de sangre y heces fueron extraídas usando kits comerciales, y las de embriones aplicando tres métodos (ebullición, proteinasa K y fenol-cloroformo). Una vez optimizada la PCR simple para la detección de los genes ZFY y ZFX, se implementó la PCR múltiple para ADN de sangre y heces y la PCR semi-anidada para ADN de embriones. La técnica de PCR múltiple determinó el sexo correctamente en el 100% de las muestras de ADN sanguíneo, en el 87.5% de muestras de ADN de heces colectadas en 2008 y en el 50% de las muestras de ADN de heces colectadas en 2004 y preservadas durante cuatro años antes del análisis. La prueba de PCR semi-anidada, sin embargo, no pudo ser optimizada.The objective of this study was to develop a PCR technique to determine the sex of South American camelids (CSA) using Zinc Finger Protein (ZF) sequences from blood and fecal samples, as well as cells from alpaca embryos. A total of 28 alpaca, llama and vicuña blood samples, 20 vicuña and guanaco fecal samples, and 22 alpaca embryos collected between 72 and 96 hours postcopula were used. The fecal and embryo samples were preserved in 96% and 70% ethanol respectively. DNA was extracted from blood and feces using commercial kits. Three methods (boiling, proteinase K and phenol-cloroform) were used to extract DNA from alpaca embryos. Two PCR techniques were developed to analyze DNA: multiplex (for fecal and blood sample DNA) and heminested PCR (for embryo cell DNA). The multiplex PCR accurately determined the sex in 100% of the DNA samples extracted from blood, in 87.5% of the samples extracted from fresh feces and in 50% of the 4-year old fecal samples. The heminested PCR, however, could not be optimized