Barnets bästa och barnets vilja i svensk rätt

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att redogöra för vad barnet bästa och barnets vilja är i svensk rätt och framförallt att sambandet mellan de två begreppen. Därav är frågeställningarna följande: Vad är förhållandet mellan barnets bästa och barnets vilja och Vad innebär barnets bästa/vilja inom den svenska rätten. Uppsatsen behandlar även skillnader mellan barnets bästa och vilja i teorin jämfört med praktiken. Materialet hämtas från lagtext, förarbeten, rättsfall, doktrin och artiklar och en viss grad av statistik används för att visa hur rättstillämpningen ser ut. Det läggs fokus vid SOU 2016:19 som bland annat hanterar den eventuella inkorporeringen av FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter, men där går uppsatsen mer in på den kritik som förs mot hur rättsläget ser ut idag. Slutsatserna är sammanfattningsvis att barnets vilja är något som är med i beräkningen av barnets bästa, men att det oftast bara blir på det viset i teorin och i praktiken är det många fall där barn inte hörs med motiveringen att det är för att skydda barnet. Då ställs barnets vilja och bästa på olika sidor, på grund av att barnet ses som ett skyddsobjekt och inte en bärare av rättigheter.This essay aims to explain what the child's best interest and the child's will are in Swedish law and, above all, the connection between the two concepts. Hence the questions are as follows: What is the relationship between the child's best interest and the child's will and What does the child's best / will mean in Swedish law. The essay also deals with differences between the child's best interests and the will in theory compared to practice. The material is extracted from legal texts, preliminary work, case law, doctrine and articles, and a certain amount of statistics are used to show how the legal application looks. Some focus is on SOU 2016:19 which, among other things, handles the possible incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, but the essay goes further into detail with the criticisms of how the legal situation looks today. In summary, the conclusion is that the child's will is something that is included in the best interests of the child, but usually it is only that way in theory, and in practice there are many cases where children aren’t heard with the motivation that it is to protect the child. Then the child's will and the child’s best interest is put on different sides, because the child is seen as a protective object and not a bearer of rights

Towards Urban Sustainability: Learning from the Design of a Programme for Multi-stakeholder Collaboration

Owing to rapid urbanisation, cities are becoming a key locus for making sense of, and influencing, social and technological development. Urban sustainability is high on the research as well as on the development agenda. The complexity of modern cities often defies conventional governance mechanisms to promote sustainability, such as regulation, information and economic incentives. This has prompted a growing interest in innovative approaches based on collaborative learning in diverse groups of stakeholders in pursuit of sustainability. In this article, we wish to contribute to, and advance, the research and practice regarding urban sustainability by exploring the experiences of designing and facilitating a programme for multistakeholder collaboration, trust-building and concerted action in six cities in Europe, southern Africa and Southeast Asia. We apply an action research method called ‘learning history’ to understand the learning processes in the design and facilitation team and in two multistakeholder groups in Makana in South Africa and Malmö in Sweden. The findings illustrate how collaborative learning theory and systems thinking framed useful praxis for facilitating rich learning processes in these three teams. The article is presented in four sections: Section 1 provides the introduction and orientation; Section 2 provides a process description of the design of the SUS Programme; Section 3 provides learning histories; and Section 4 provides reflexive engagement on these

Energy efficient fish attraction

Fish migration past a hydro power plant (HPP) requires not only flow in the actual fish passage (e.g. fish ladder) but also sufficient water to attract the fish to the entrance. Such attraction water is typically created by spilling water of the order of 10 m3/s, and there are potential savings if the amount of water can be reduced without loss of functionality. The possibility to use ejectors (jet pumps) to pump water from the area downstream of the HPP into the fish passage has been investigated with physical model tests and numerical modelling (CFD). The ambition has been to make use of fairly simple geometries without changing the layout of the suggested fish ladder, and a solution in which the ejectors are located in a separate channel parallel to the fish ladder has been evaluated. The results show that the required spill can be reduced to 1/3 despite the low head (7 m) of the considered HPP, and the savings will be even larger in HPPs with higher head. More energy efficient ways to attract fish can be obtained if the jets are positioned within the actual fish way, but a prerequisite for such solution is that the fish is not intimidated by the jets. Another interesting option to evaluate is the possibility to guide the fish to the fish ladder entrance by an array of individual jets positioned in the river. To investigate these ideas tests with live fish are scheduled during second half of 2018

The Homogeneity of Interstellar Oxygen in the Galactic Disk

We present an analysis of high resolution HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations of O I 1356 and H I Lyman-alpha absorption in 36 sight lines that probe a variety of Galactic disk environments and include paths that range over nearly 4 orders of magnitude in f(H_2), over 2 orders of magnitude in mean sight line density, and that extend up to 6.5 kpc in length. Consequently, we have undertaken the study of gas-phase O/H abundance ratio homogeneity using the current sample and previously published Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) results. Two distinct trends are identified in the 56 sight line sample: an apparent decrease in gas-phase oxygen abundance with increasing mean sight line density and a gap between the mean O/H ratio for sight lines shorter and longer than about 800 pc. The first effect is a smooth transition between two depletion levels associated with large mean density intervals; it is centered near a density of 1.5 cm^-3 and is similar to trends evident in gas-phase abundances of other elements. Paths less dense than the central value exhibit a mean O/H ratio of log_10 (O/H) = -3.41+/-0.01 (or 390+/-10 ppm), which is consistent with averages determined for several long, low-density paths observed by STIS (Andre et al. 2003) and short low-density paths observed by FUSE (Moos et al. 2002). Sight lines of higher mean density exhibit an average O/H value of log_10 (O/H) = -3.55+/-0.02 (284+/-12 ppm). The datapoints for low-density paths are scattered more widely than those for denser sight lines, due to O/H ratios for paths shorter than 800 pc that are generally about 0.10 dex lower than the values for longer ones.Comment: 33 pages, including 8 figures and 4 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ, tentatively in Oct 200

Does Chinese research hinge on US co-authors? Evidence from the China initiative

Launched in November 2018 by the Trump administration, the China Initiative was meant to "protect US intellectual property and technologies against Chinese Economic Espionage". In practice, it made administrative procedures more complicated and funding less accessible for collaborative projects between Chinese and US researchers. In this paper we use information from the Scopus database to analyze how the China Initiative shock affected the volume, quality and direction of Chinese research. We find a negative effect of the Initiative on the average quality of both the publications and the co-authors of Chinese researchers with prior US collaborations. Moreover, this negative effect has been stronger for Chinese researchers with higher research productivity and/or who worked on US-dominated fields and/or topics prior to the shock. Finally, we find that Chinese researchers with prior US collaborations reallocated away from US coauthors after the shock and also towards more basic research

Philharmonic and Concert Band

Kennesaw State University School of Music presents Philharmonic and Concert Band.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1356/thumbnail.jp