An in vivo control map for the eukaryotic mRNA translation machinery

Rate control analysis defines the in vivo control map governing yeast protein synthesis and generates an extensively parameterized digital model of the translation pathway. Among other non-intuitive outcomes, translation demonstrates a high degree of functional modularity and comprises a non-stoichiometric combination of proteins manifesting functional convergence on a shared maximal translation rate. In exponentially growing cells, polypeptide elongation (eEF1A, eEF2, and eEF3) exerts the strongest control. The two other strong control points are recruitment of mRNA and tRNAi to the 40S ribosomal subunit (eIF4F and eIF2) and termination (eRF1; Dbp5). In contrast, factors that are found to promote mRNA scanning efficiency on a longer than-average 5′untranslated region (eIF1, eIF1A, Ded1, eIF2B, eIF3, and eIF5) exceed the levels required for maximal control. This is expected to allow the cell to minimize scanning transition times, particularly for longer 5′UTRs. The analysis reveals these and other collective adaptations of control shared across the factors, as well as features that reflect functional modularity and system robustness. Remarkably, gene duplication is implicated in the fine control of cellular protein synthesis

The evolutionary dynamics of biochemical networks in fluctuating environments

Typically, systems biology focuses on the form and function of networks of biochemical interactions. Questions inevitably arise as to the evolutionary origin of those networks' properties. Such questions are of interest to a growing number of systems biologists, and several groups have published studies shown how varying environments can affect network topology and lead to increased evolvability. For decades, evolutionary biologists have also investigated the evolution of evolvability and its relationship to the interactions between genotype and phenotype. While the perspectives of systems and evolutionary biologists sometimes differ, their interests in patterns of interactions and evolvability have much in common. This thesis attempts to bring together the perspectives of systems and evolutionary theory to investigate the evolutionary effects of fluctuating environments. Chapter 1 introduces the necessary themes, terminology and literature from these fields. Chapter 2 explores how rapid environmental fluctuations, or "noise", affects network size and robustness. In Chapter 3, we use the Avida platform to investigate the relationship between genetic architecture, fluctuating environments and population biology. Chapter 4 examines contingency loci as a physical basis for evolvability, while chapter 5 presents a 500-generation laboratory evolution experiment which exposes E. coli to varying environments. The final discussion, concludes that the evolution of generalism can lead to genetic architectures which confer evolvability, which may arise in rapidly fluctuating environments as a by-product of generalism rather than as a selected trait.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Leverage-induced systemic risk under Basle II and other credit risk policies

We use a simple agent based model of value investors in financial markets to test three credit regulation policies. The first is the unregulated case, which only imposes limits on maximum leverage. The second is Basle II and the third is a hypothetical alternative in which banks perfectly hedge all of their leverage-induced risk with options. When compared to the unregulated case both Basle II and the perfect hedge policy reduce the risk of default when leverage is low but increase it when leverage is high. This is because both regulation policies increase the amount of synchronized buying and selling needed to achieve deleveraging, which can destabilize the market. None of these policies are optimal for everyone: Risk neutral investors prefer the unregulated case with low maximum leverage, banks prefer the perfect hedge policy, and fund managers prefer the unregulated case with high maximum leverage. No one prefers Basle II.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure

The Ursinus Weekly, March 15, 1954

John Canady addresses art seminar group • Ursinus to participate in cultural olympics at U. of P. • Cheating case reviewed by MSGA on Tuesday • Teacher problems outlined for FTA by Mrs. Swavely • Griffin, Mathewson star in group play • Lit readings postponed • Civil liberties today is discussed by Backrack • Women\u27s Club to fete senior girls at coffee • University of Pennsylvania Band to give concert, Thursday • Editorials: Goodbye, my fancy • Exhibit in Library • Broadway tunes highlight WAA musical production • Dave Seay, Marshall Nixon tell of service hitches • Reporter clipped by barber of Brodbeck • Doctor tells symptoms of dread Spring fever disease • Gene Harris, Carl Smith new cage co-captains • Mermaids lose to Swarthmore • Basketball season ends; Shoes leads statistics • Undefeated Belles top E. Stroudsburg • Intramural night occurs tomorrow • Badminton team downs Rosemont • Curtis I tops Curtis II for intramural honors • Ralph Schumacher named to first all MAC team • Bowman, Cross to inherit Weekly sports editing • God of creation viewed at vespers program, Sundayhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1492/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 15, 1954

Student exchange consultant will speak here, Wed. • Psychologist tells of work with children • Sororities to try different rushing policy • Groups II, III prepare for one-act plays in March • Fine arts seminar sponsored by Y to begin tonight • Godley relates tale of sunken treasure • Debating team to make first appearance, Feb. 17 • Mrs. Seth Bakes speaks at Color Day ceremonies • MSGA-WSGA to confer on Student Union • Spring play chosen; Try-outs start, Thurs. • Y cabinet retreat yields plans for second semester • Curator of Audubon shrine addresses YM-YWCA group • Editorials: Leave it to the girls! • I know a man • Grizzlies lose to Delaware, 85-71; Drexel 74-70; Haverford, a question • J.V.s beat Drexel; Heller scores 15 • Delaware rallies to tie U.C. grapplers, 14 allhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1488/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, November 9, 1953

Palmer to speak on U.S. and India Wednesday night • Campus Chest opens contest • MSGA hears cheating case; WSGA meeting held Monday • A tradition dies, buried in snow • Newbury discusses Argentina in Ursinus class Wednesday • Barbershop quartet program postponed until November 13 • Group play deemed success by reviewer • Alumnus talks on anesthesia to pre-med society • Shades of indigo to be prom theme • Head of E. and R. Church is Founders Day speaker • IRC to hear guest speaker • Pledgees sign fraternity bids • Helena\u27s husband is group II presentation • 1955 Ruby editors are Dedekind, Belz • Chem society hears talk on Laminar chart • Pre-legal society to sponsor debate on red China in UN • 100 contribute to fill Ursinus bloodmobile quota • Editorials: Open letter to the Weekly staff • This week: Friday the 13th • Letters to the editor • Unexpected snow causes unusual weekend antics • I-F Council adopts new rule on rushing • Soccer team loses to Haverford, 3-2https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1482/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 22, 1954

Eighty-eight are on Dean\u27s list first semester • W. Hansen, second seminar speaker • Ruby 2/3 completed; Class of \u2754 show, Mar. 5 • Price, court elected royalty for May Day • French Club sponsors movie; Will give play • Naval aviation cadet man to visit UC, tell of program • Ursinus quartet sings for Rotary\u27s ladies night • Student exchange program, subject of forum, Wed. • Greek columns • Quinn discusses criteria for judging paintings • Mizz Test is play director • Pre-meds visit Phila. College of Osteopathy • AAUW will introduce its aims to senior women • Editorials: Expostulation and reply • Supply store: To be or not to be • Letters to the editor • Ursinus men make gay debut in social season highlight • Save the Supply: Patronize it! • Little known facts revealed on Washington\u27s birthday • Belles trounce Beaver in second win, 51-35 • Badminton team goes down to Penn; Defeats Drexel • J.V. Belles win over Beaver, 48-21 • Cub swimmers splash past Beavers, 29 to 23 • Mermaids lose to Beaver in thrilling meet, 31-26 • Matmen trounce Fords; Win four bouts, 18-13 • Textile drops Cagemen, 61-50 • Three falls fail to halt Bucknell • Badminton team in 3-2 victory • Swarthmore tops Cagers; Big man hurts Bearshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1489/thumbnail.jp

The Doha Round of the WTO & Agricultural Market Liberalization: Impacts on Developing Economies

We investigate the impacts of multilateral removal of all border taxes and farm programs and their distortions on developing economies, using a world agriculture partial equilibrium model. We quantify changes in prices, trade flows, and production locations. Border measures and farm programs both affect world trade, but trade barriers have the largest impact. Following removal, trade expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable oils. Net agricultural and food exporters emerge with expanded exports; net importing countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by higher world prices and reduced imports. We draw implications for current World Trade Organization negotiations

The Ursinus Weekly, March 1, 1954

Helfferich tells causes of delay in Union work • U.C. Supply Store resumes full operation today • Ruby show to be presented • Band starts practice for Spring concert • Composition and technique discussed by Walter Hansen • Summer School to feature single session • U. of Penn band to present concert here • Dorthee von Miller to speak at AAUW program Wed. • Spring play cast revealed; Wright, Rack in lead roles • WSGA group holds meeting • John Canady to speak at seminar sessions • WAA will present variety show Mar. 11 • Dr. Allan Rice to present Scandinavian readings • Editorials: Support the Supply; Chinese controversy • Unusual campus rules • She felt like a young colt; But looked like an old .45 • Al Sare tells of Navy life • Reporter misses big scoop; Must turn in notebook • Just plain Bill reports Belles vs. Albright game • Little Belles top Bryn Mawr • Muhlenberg decisions Bears in heartbreaker • Shreiner, Hobson, South, Rimby\u27s, Maples win • Cagemen top Fords in two overtimes • Belles down C. Hill, 57-13 • Bears top Drexel, 24-8 prior to M.A.C. wrestling • Chestnut Hill topples U.C. mermaids, 37-19 • PMC squeezes netmen to win • Snell\u27s Belles win again; Hand Wagner 55-20 losshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1490/thumbnail.jp