Voorkòmen van Rhizoctonia (zwartpoten) in bloemkool

Op zoek naar milieuvriendelijke beheersmethoden (de inzet van atagonisten) tegen schade door Rhizoctonia solani in bloemkoo

Gewasbescherming in goede aarde : Terugblik op de KNPV-najaarsbijeenkomst, 8 december 2010, Wageningen

De KNPV-najaarsbijeenkomst op 8 december, had dit jaar als onderwerp ‘De Bodem’. Het programma is samengesteld in samenwerking met de Werkgroep Bodempathogenen en bodemmicrobiologie. De dag was tevens ook de najaarbijeenkomst van deze KNPV-werkgroep. Een recordaantal van 125 deelnemers, enthousiast publiek, gezelligheid, netwerken, een afwisselend programma, en inspirerende sprekers, maakten de dag tot een overdonderend succes

Comparison and validation of FDG-PET/CT scores for polymyalgia rheumatica

OBJECTIVES: To compare and validate the diagnostic accuracy of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT scores for PMR; and to explore their association with clinical factors. METHODS: This retrospective study included 39 consecutive patients diagnosed with PMR and 19 PMR comparators. The final clinical diagnosis was established after 6 months follow-up. Patients underwent FDG-PET/CT prior to glucocorticoid treatment. Visual grading of FDG uptake was performed at 30 anatomic sites. Three FDG-PET/CT scores (the Leuven Score, two Besançon Scores) and two algorithms (the Saint-Etienne and Heidelberg Algorithms) were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was performed. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed at predefined cut-off points. RESULTS: All three FDG-PET/CT scores showed high diagnostic accuracy for a clinical diagnosis of PMR in the ROC analysis (AUC 0.889–0.914). The Leuven Score provided a sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 84.2% at its predefined cut-off point. A simplified Leuven Score showed similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the original score. The Besançon Scores showed limited specificity at their predefined cut-off points (i.e. 47.4% and 63.2%), while ROC analysis suggested that substantially higher cut-off points are needed for these scores. The Heidelberg and Saint-Etienne Algorithms demonstrated high sensitivity, but lower specificity (i.e. 78.9% and 42.1%, respectively) for PMR. Female sex and presence of large-vessel vasculitis were associated with lower FDG-PET/CT scores in patients with PMR. CONCLUSION: The Leuven Score showed the highest diagnostic utility for PMR. A modified, concise version of the Leuven Score provided similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the original score

Eindverslag Rhizoctonia in bloemkool : projecten PPO-1234340, PRI-3300020 en PRI-4400034

Een oriënterende proef toonde aan dat bloemkoolpraktijkgronden verschillen in hun natuurlijke bodemweerbaarheid. Bekend is dat teeltmaatregelen en voorvruchten die weerbaarheid kunnen versterken of verzwakken. Eerder onderzoek op Zwaagdijk wees eveneens op een invloed van het type voorvrucht op de mate van R. solani aantasting in een volggewas bloemkool. Het is van belang te weten waarom er perceelsverschillen zijn in bodemweerbaarheid, of schade vooraf in te schatten is, of er bestrijding mogelijk is en of zaadcoating/pillering met biologische en/of chemische middelen schade door R. solani kan verminderen

Imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib:From flat-fixed dosing towards a pharmacokinetically guided personalized dose

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are anti-cancer drugs that target tyrosine kinases, enzymes that are involved in multiple cellular processes. Currently, multiple oral TKIs have been introduced in the treatment of solid tumours, all administered in a fixed dose, although large interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability is described. For imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib exposure-treatment outcome (efficacy and toxicity) relationships have been established and therapeutic windows have been defined, therefore dose optimization based on the measured blood concentration, called therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), can be valuable in increasing efficacy and reducing the toxicity of these drugs. In this review, an overview of the current knowledge on TDM guided individualized dosing of imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib for the treatment of solid tumours is presented. We summarize preclinical and clinical data that have defined thresholds for efficacy and toxicity. Furthermore, PK models and factors that influence the PK of these drugs which partly explain the interpatient PK variability are summarized. Finally, pharmacological interventions that have been performed to optimize plasma concentrations are described. Based on current literature, we advise which methods should be used to optimize exposure to imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib

Defining care products to finance health care in the Netherlands

A case-mix project started in the Netherlands with the primary goal to define a complete set of health care products for hospitals. The definition of the product structure was completed 4 years later. The results are currently being used for billing purposes. This paper focuses on the methodology and techniques that were developed and applied in order to define the casemix product structure. The central research question was how to develop a manageable product structure, i.e., a limited set of hospital products, with acceptable cost homogeneity. For this purpose, a data warehouse with approximately 1.5 million patient records from 27 hospitals was build up over a period of 3 years. The data associated with each patient consist of a large number of a priori independent parameters describing the resource utilization in different stages of the treatment process, e.g., activities in the operating theatre, the lab and the radiology department. Because of the complexity of the database, it was necessary to apply advanced data analysis techniques. The full analyses process that starts from the database and ends up with a product definition consists of four basic analyses steps. Each of these steps has revealed interesting insights. This paper describes each step in some detail and presents the major results of each step. The result consists of 687 product groups for 24 medical specialties used for billing purposes

Toepassingsmogelijkheden van ziektewering in de praktijk

In dit artikel gaat het over ziektewering voornamelijk als gevolg van biologische oorzaken. Dit is het gehele complex van bodemflora en -fauna die interacteren met het pathogeen, de omgeving en met het gewas. Er is een algemene ziektwering en een specifieke ziektewering te onderscheiden. Besproken worden de intensief onderzochte pathogeen-gewas combinaties tarwehalmdoder - tarwe en Rhizoctonia solani - bloemkool/suikerbiet/aardappel. Verder het maximaliseren van de bodemweerbaarheid en het tegengaan van verlaging van de bodemweerbaarheid