25,288 research outputs found
Holder exponent spectra for human gait
The stride interval time series in normal human gait is not strictly
constant, but fluctuates from step to step in a complex manner. More precisely,
it has been shown that the control process for human gait is a fractal random
phenomenon, that is, one with a long-term memory. Herein we study the Holder
exponent spectra for the slow, normal and fast gaits of 10 young healthy men in
both free and metronomically triggered conditions and establish that the stride
interval time series is more complex than a monofractal phenomenon. A slightly
multifractal and non-stationary time series under the three different gait
conditions emerges.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures, 9 Table
Predictive control for energy management in all/more electric vehicles with multiple energy storage units
The paper describes the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) methodologies for application to electric and hybrid-electric vehicle drive-train formats incorporating multiple energy/power sources. Particular emphasis is given to the co-ordinated management of energy flow from the multiple sources to address issues of extended vehicle range and battery life-time for all-electric drive-trains, and emissions reduction and drive-train torsional oscillations, for hybrid-electric counterparts, whilst accommodating operational constraints and, ultimately, generic non-standard driving cycles
Independently contacted two-dimensional electron systems in double quantum wells
A new technique for creating independent ohmic contacts to closely spaced two-dimensional electron systems in double quantum well (DQW) structures is described. Without use of shallow diffusion or precisely controlled etching methods, the present technique results in low-resistance contacts which can be electrostatically switched between the two-conducting layers. The method is demonstrated with a DQW consisting of two 200 Ă
GaAs quantum wells separated by a 175 Ă
AlGaAs barrier. A wide variety of experiments on Coulomb and tunnel-coupled 2D electron systems is now accessible
Field-induced resonant tunneling between parallel two-dimensional electron systems
Resonant tunneling between two high-mobility two-dimensional (2D) electron systems in a double quantum well structure has been induced by the action of an external Schottky gate field. Using one 2D electron gas as source and the other as drain, the tunnel conductance between them shows a strong resonance when the gate field aligns the ground subband edges of the two quantum wells
Charge metastability and hysteresis in the quantum Hall regime
We report simultaneous quasi-dc magnetotransport and high frequency surface
acoustic wave measurements on bilayer two-dimensional electron systems in GaAs.
Near strong integer quantized Hall states a strong magnetic field sweep
hysteresis in the velocity of the acoustic waves is observed at low
temperatures. This hysteresis indicates the presence of a metastable state with
anomalously high conductivity in the interior of the sample. This
non-equilibrium state is not revealed by conventional low frequency transport
measurements which are dominated by dissipationless transport at the edge of
the 2D system. We find that a field-cooling technique allows the equilibrium
charge configuration within the interior of the sample to be established. A
simple model for this behavior is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 postscript figure
Alignments of the Dominant Galaxies in Poor Clusters
We have examined the orientations of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in
poor MKW and AWM clusters and find that, like their counterparts in richer
Abell clusters, poor cluster BCGs exhibit a strong propensity to be aligned
with the principal axes of their host clusters as well as the surrounding
distribution of nearby (< 20/h Mpc) Abell clusters. The processes responsible
for dominant galaxy alignments are therefore independent of cluster richness.
We argue that these alignments most likely arise from anisotropic infall of
material into clusters along large-scale filaments.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
The MSFC vector magnetograph
The NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center's solar vector magnetograph system allows measurements of all components of the Sun's photospheric magnetic field over a 5 x 5 or 2.5 x 2.5 arc min square field of view with an optimum time resolution of approximately 100 sec and an optimum signal-to-noise of approximately 1000. The basic system components are described, including the optics, detector, digital system, and associated electronics. Automatic sequencing and control functions are outlined as well as manual selections of system parameters which afford unique system flexibility. Results of system calibration and performance are presented, including linearity, dynamic range, uniformity, spatial and spectral resolutions, signal-to-noise, electro-optical retardation and polarization calibration
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