1,065 research outputs found
A cluster theory for a Janus fluid
Recent Monte Carlo simulations on the Kern and Frenkel model of a Janus fluid
have revealed that in the vapour phase there is the formation of preferred
clusters made up of a well-defined number of particles: the micelles and the
vesicles. A cluster theory is developed to approximate the exact clustering
properties stemming from the simulations. It is shown that the theory is able
to reproduce the micellisation phenomenon.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, 6 table
Do maternal body dissatisfaciton and dietary restraint predict weight gain in young pre-school children? A 1-year follow-up study
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Donor Kidney Recovery Methods and the Incidence of Lymphatic Complications in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Background: Lymphatic leak and lymphocele are well-known complications after kidney transplantation. Objective: To determine the incidence of lymphatic complications in recipients of living donor kidneys. Methods: Among 642 kidney transplants performed between 1999 and 2007, the incidence of lymphatic complications was retrospectively analyzed in recipients of living donor kidneys procured by laparoscopic nephrectomy (LP, n=218) or by open nephrectomy (OP, n=127) and deceased donor kidneys (DD, n=297). A Jackson-Pratt drain was placed in the retroperitoneal space in all recipients and was maintained until the output became less than 30 mL/day. Results: Although the incidence of symptomatic lymphocele, which required therapeutic intervention, was comparable in all groups, the duration of mean±SD drain placement was significantly longer in the LP group—8.6±2.7 days compared to 5.6±1.2 days in the OP group and 5.4±0.7 days in the DD group (p<0.001). Higher output of lymphatic drainage in recipients of LP kidneys could lead to a higher incidence of lymphocele if wound drainage is not provided. Conclusion: More meticulous back table preparation may be required in LP kidneys to decrease lymphatic complications after kidney transplantation. These observations also support the suggestion that the major source of persistent lymphatic drainage following renal transplantation is severed lymphatics of the allograft rather than those of the recipient’s iliac space
Centre-specific bacterial pathogen typing affects infection-control decision making
Whole-genome sequencing is becoming the de facto standard for bacterial outbreak surveillance and infection prevention. This is accompanied by a variety of bioinformatic tools and needs bioinformatics expertise for implementation. However, little is known about the concordance of reported outbreaks when using different bioinformatic workflows. In this multi-centre proficiency testing among 13 major Dutch healthcare-affiliated centres, bacterial whole-genome outbreak analysis was assessed. Centres who participated obtained two randomized bacterial datasets of Illumina sequences, a Klebsiella pneumoniae and a Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and were asked to apply their bioinformatic workflows. Centres reported back on antimicrobial resistance, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and outbreak clusters. The reported clusters were analysed using a method to compare landscapes of phylogenetic trees and calculating Kendall–Colijn distances. Furthermore, fasta files were analysed by state-of-the-art single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to mitigate the differences introduced by each centre and determine standardized SNP cut-offs. Thirteen centres participated in this study. The reported outbreak clusters revealed discrepancies between centres, even when almost identical bioinformatic workflows were used. Due to stringent filtering, some centres failed to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes and MLST loci. Applying a standardized method to determine outbreak clusters on the reported de novo assemblies, did not result in uniformity of outbreak-cluster composition among centres
A Local Moment Approach to magnetic impurities in gapless Fermi systems
A local moment approach is developed for the single-particle excitations of a
symmetric Anderson impurity model (AIM), with a soft-gap hybridization
vanishing at the Fermi level with a power law r > 0. Local moments are
introduced explicitly from the outset, and a two-self-energy description is
employed in which the single-particle excitations are coupled dynamically to
low-energy transverse spin fluctuations. The resultant theory is applicable on
all energy scales, and captures both the spin-fluctuation regime of strong
coupling (large-U), as well as the weak coupling regime. While the primary
emphasis is on single particle dynamics, the quantum phase transition between
strong coupling (SC) and (LM) phases can also be addressed directly; for the
spin-fluctuation regime in particular a number of asymptotically exact results
are thereby obtained. Results for both single-particle spectra and SC/LM phase
boundaries are found to agree well with recent numerical renormalization group
(NRG) studies. A number of further testable predictions are made; in
particular, for r < 1/2, spectra characteristic of the SC state are predicted
to exhibit an r-dependent universal scaling form as the SC/LM phase boundary is
approached and the Kondo scale vanishes. Results for the `normal' r = 0 AIM are
moreover recovered smoothly from the limit r -> 0, where the resultant
description of single-particle dynamics includes recovery of Doniach-Sunjic
tails in the Kondo resonance, as well as characteristic low-energy Fermi liquid
behaviour.Comment: 52 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed
Matte
Electron-phonon coupling induced pseudogap and the superconducting transition in Ba0.67K0.33BiO3
We study the single particle density of states (DOS) across the
superconducting transition (Tc = 31 K) in single-crystal Ba0.67K0.33BiO3 using
ultrahigh resolution angle-integrated photoemission spectroscopy. The
superconducting gap opens with a pile-up in the DOS, Delta(5.3 K) = 5.2 meV and
2Delta(0)/kBTc = 3.9. In addition, we observe a pseudogap below and above Tc,
occurring as a suppression in intensity over an energy scale up to the
breathing mode phonon(~ 70 meV). The results indicate electron-phonon coupling
induces a pseudogap in Ba0.67K0.33BiO3.Comment: 5 pages with 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Phase separation in mixtures of colloids and long ideal polymer coils
Colloidal suspensions with free polymer coils which are larger than the
colloidal particles are considered. The polymer-colloid interaction is modeled
by an extension of the Asakura-Oosawa model. Phase separation occurs into
dilute and dense fluid phases of colloidal particles when polymer is added. The
critical density of this transition tends to zero as the size of the polymer
coils diverges.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Ninth and Tenth Order Virial Coefficients for Hard Spheres in D Dimensions
We evaluate the virial coefficients B_k for k<=10 for hard spheres in
dimensions D=2,...,8. Virial coefficients with k even are found to be negative
when D>=5. This provides strong evidence that the leading singularity for the
virial series lies away from the positive real axis when D>=5. Further analysis
provides evidence that negative virial coefficients will be seen for some k>10
for D=4, and there is a distinct possibility that negative virial coefficients
will also eventually occur for D=3.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figure
Photoemission study of the metal-insulator transition in VO_2/TiO_2(001) : Evidence for strong electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction
We have made a detailed temperature-dependent photoemission study of
VO_2/TiO_2(001) thin films, which show a metal-insulator transition at \sim 300
K. Clean surfaces were obtained by annealing the films in an oxygen atmosphere.
Spectral weight transfer between the coherent and incoherent parts accompanying
the metal-insulator transition was clearly observed. We also observed a
hysteretic behavior of the spectra for heating-cooling cycles. We have derived
the ``bulk'' spectrum of the metallic phase and found that it has a strong
incoherent part. The width of the coherent part is comparable to that given by
band-structure calculation in spite of its reduced spectral weight, indicating
that the momentum dependence of the self-energy is significant. This is
attributed to by ferromagnetic fluctuation arising from Hund's rule coupling
between different d orbitals as originally proposed by Zylbersztejn and Mott.
In the insulating phase, the width of the V 3d band shows strong temperature
dependence. We attribute this to electron-phonon interaction and have
reproduced it using the independent boson model with a very large coupling
constant.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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