Erythropoietin for stroke treatment: dead or alive?

Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization from the bone marrow was considered to improve outcome after ischemic stroke. Erythropoietin (EPO) might be a potential candidate stroke drug that increases the number of circulating EPCs. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Yip and colleagues investigated the effect of EPO in stroke patients on both clinical outcome and EPC stimulation. Although beneficial effects of EPO were observed, several issues regarding EPO's suitability as a stroke drug remain

Late Onset Postpartum Eclampsia: It is Really Never Too Late—A Case of Eclampsia 8 Weeks after Delivery

Introduction. Eclampsia is the combination of preeclampsia and seizures. Approximately one-half of all cases of eclampsia occur postpartum. Thereby late onset postpartum eclampsia is defined by its onset more than 48 hours after delivery. Summary of Case. We report a postpartum eclampsia occurring 8 weeks after delivery, which is the latest onset ever described. The course was complicated by an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Conclusion. A late onset postpartum eclampsia even several weeks after delivery should be considered as possible diagnosis, since early treatment initiation with magnesium sulphate and antihypertensive medication prevents severe complications and reduces mortality

Case report of MR perfusion imaging in Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome: growing evidence for hemodynamic impairment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The syndrome of the sinking skin flap (SSSF) with delayed sensorimotor deficits after craniectomy is not well known and often neglected. Among various postulated causes, there is evidence that disturbed brain perfusion may be related to the observed symptoms, and that cranioplasty reliably alleviates these symptoms. We report a case of sinking skin flap syndrome (SSFS) with recovery from neurological sensorimotor deficits after cranioplasty correlated with pre- and postsurgical MR brain perfusion studies.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>A 42-year-old woman presented with slowly progressive sensorimotor paresis of her left arm after decompressive extensive craniectomy due to subarachnoid hemorrhage four months ago. Her right cranium showed a "sinking skin flap". After cranioplastic repair of her skull defect, the patient fully recovered from her symptoms. Before cranioplasty, reduced brain perfusion in the right central cortical region was observed in MR-perfusion images. After cranioplasty, a marked increase in brain perfusion was observed which correlated with objective clinical recovery.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is increasing evidence that impaired blood flow is responsible for delayed motor deficits in patients with sinking skin flap syndrome in the area of compressed brain regions. Symptoms should be evaluated by brain perfusion imaging complementing surgical decision-making.</p

Isolierung und Charakterisierung Fruktoselysin-spezifischer Rezeptoren auf den monozytären Zelllinien THP-1 und HL-60

Fruktoselysin-spezifische Rezeptoren auf Zellmembranen von Monozyten und Makrophagen binden Amadori-modifizierte Proteine. Die Ligandenbindung führt zu Endozytose und Degradation der gebundenen Proteine sowie zur Produktion proinflammatorischer Zytokine. HL-60 und THP-l sind Vorläuferzellen reifer Monozyten, welche ebenfalls Fruktoselysin-Rezeptoren exprimieren. Affinitätschromatographisch wurden zwei Proteinfraktionen mit molekularen Massen von 100 und 200 kDa isoliert und als Homologe zu Nukleolin und der schweren Kette zellulären Myosins identifiziert. Die membrangebundenen Proteine sind im Gegensatz zu den nukleären bzw. zytosolischen Formen glykosyliert. Entsprechende Rezeptorproteine wurden bereits auf Zellmembranen der monozytären Zelllinien MonoMac 6 und U937 nachgewiesen. Somit werden Fruktoselysin-spezifische Bindungsproteine bereits auf Vorläuferzellen reifer Monozyten exprimiert.Fructoselysine-specific binding sites on monocytes and macrophages bind Amadori-modified proteins. Ligand binding results in endocytosis and degradation of bound proteins and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. HL-60 and THP-I cells are precursors of mature monocytes, which also express fructoselysine receptors. By means of affinity chromatography two protein fractions with molar masses 100 and 200 kDa were isolated and identified as homologues to nucleolin and cellular myosin heavy chain, which are glycosylated in contrast to their nuclear and cytosolic counterparts. The same proteins have been described previously to occur in MonoMac 6 and U937 monocyte-like cells. Therefore, fructoselysine-specific binding proteins are already expressed in precursors of mature monocytes