Semi-supervised Road Updating Network (SRUNet): A Deep Learning Method for Road Updating from Remote Sensing Imagery and Historical Vector Maps

A road is the skeleton of a city and is a fundamental and important geographical component. Currently, many countries have built geo-information databases and gathered large amounts of geographic data. However, with the extensive construction of infrastructure and rapid expansion of cities, automatic updating of road data is imperative to maintain the high quality of current basic geographic information. However, obtaining bi-phase images for the same area is difficult, and complex post-processing methods are required to update the existing databases.To solve these problems, we proposed a road detection method based on semi-supervised learning (SRUNet) specifically for road-updating applications; in this approach, historical road information was fused with the latest images to directly obtain the latest state of the road.Considering that the texture of a road is complex, a multi-branch network, named the Map Encoding Branch (MEB) was proposed for representation learning, where the Boundary Enhancement Module (BEM) was used to improve the accuracy of boundary prediction, and the Residual Refinement Module (RRM) was used to optimize the prediction results. Further, to fully utilize the limited amount of label information and to enhance the prediction accuracy on unlabeled images, we utilized the mean teacher framework as the basic semi-supervised learning framework and introduced Regional Contrast (ReCo) in our work to improve the model capacity for distinguishing between the characteristics of roads and background elements.We applied our method to two datasets. Our model can effectively improve the performance of a model with fewer labels. Overall, the proposed SRUNet can provide stable, up-to-date, and reliable prediction results for a wide range of road renewal tasks.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure

Research Progress on the Mechanism and Regulation of Enzymatic Browning in Peach Fruit

Peaches are an ancient fruit in China, with great nutritional and commercial value. Peach fruit is a typical respiratory climacteric fruit, which is prone to browning within a short period of time after harvesting, and rapid browning and high browning degree occur during peach processing, which are difficult to control, affecting the quality and economic value of the fruit. At present, systematic research on the characteristics and mechanism of peach browning is lacking, as well as effective control techniques and methods. In this paper, the current status of research on the characteristics and mechanism of and the key factors for enzymatic browning in peach fruit is reviewed, and the techniques used for its control are summarized, aiming to provide a reference for the regulation of enzymatic browning during peach storage and processing and consequently to promote the quality improvement of fresh and processed peach products

The fabrication and properties of magnetorheological elastomers employing bio-inspired dopamine modified carbonyl iron particles

To obtain magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with improved mechanical properties and exhibiting an enhanced magnetorheological (MR) effect, bio-inspired dopamine modification has been used to improve the functionality at the surface of carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Various techniques including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to confirm that a polydopamine (PDA) layer of about 27.5 nm had been successfully deposited on the surface of the carbonyl iron particles prior to their inclusion in the MRE composites. The magnetic properties of PDA modified CI particles were shown to be almost the same as those for untreated CI particles. With the introduction of a PDA layer to the surfaces of the particles, both the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the MREs were improved. Furthermore, the MRE composites filled with PDA-coated CI particles exhibited lower zero-field storage moduli but higher magnetic field induced storage moduli when magnetization saturation was reached. The absolute and relative MR effect for the MREs reached 0.68 ± 0.002 MPa and 294% respectively, which were higher than those of MREs with pristine CI particles whose absolute and relative MR effect were 0.57 ± 0.02 MPa and 187% respectively. The findings of this work provide insights into enhanced fabrication of MREs with both improved mechanical properties and magneto-induced performance

Integration of single-cell sequencing with machine learning and Mendelian randomization analysis identifies the NAP1L1 gene as a predictive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease

BackgroundThe most effective approach to managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) lies in identifying reliable biomarkers for AD to forecast the disease in advance, followed by timely early intervention for patients.MethodsTranscriptomic data on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AD and the control group were collected, and preliminary data processing was completed using standardized analytical methods. PBMCs were initially segmented into distinct subpopulations, and the divisions were progressively refined until the most significantly altered cell populations were identified. A combination of high-dimensional weighted gene co-expression analysis (hdWGCNA), cellular communication, pseudotime analysis, and single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) analysis was used to conduct single-cell transcriptomics analysis and identify key gene modules from them. Genes were screened using machine learning (ML) in the key gene modules, and internal and external dataset validations were performed using multiple ML methods to test predictive performance. Finally, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, regional linkage analysis, and the Steiger test were employed to analyze the key gene.ResultA significant decrease in non-classical monocytes was detected in PMBC of AD patients. Subsequent analyses revealed the inherent connection of non-classical monocytes to AD, and the NAP1L1 gene identified within its gene module appeared to exhibit some association with AD as well.ConclusionThe NAP1L1 gene is a potential predictive biomarker for AD

Comparative proteomic analysis reveals alterations in development and photosynthesis-related proteins in diploid and triploid rice

Six pairs of primers were designed for gene-specific transcript amplification. (DOC 25 kb

Enzymolytic soybean meal—impact on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets

Enzymolytic soybean meal (ESBM) enriches free amino acids and small peptides, while mitigating anti-nutritional factors. Substituting soybean meal with ESBM enhances animal performance, though optimal piglet dietary supplementation levels vary. The present study aimed to assess the impact of ESBM on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidative capacity and intestinal health of weaned piglets. A total of 120 piglets (initial body weight, 7.0 ± 0.4 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups, each comprising 5 replicates with 6 piglets per replicate. The control group received the basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed diets containing 2, 4% or 8% ESBM as a replacement for soybean meal over 28 days. Compared with the control group, piglets supplemented with 4% ESBM exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) in average daily gain and the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and gross energy (p < 0.05), alongside a notable decrease (p < 0.05) in diarrhea incidence. Fed ESBM linearly increased (p < 0.05) the villus height in the ileum of piglets. The levels of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in serum of piglets increased (p < 0.05) in the 2 and 4% ESBM groups, while diamine oxidase content decreased (p < 0.05) in the 4 and 8% ESBM group. ESBM inclusion also upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), Catalase (CAT) and claudin-1 mRNA. In terms of cecal fermentation characteristics, ESBM supplementation resulted in a increase (p < 0.05) in valerate content and a linear rise (p < 0.05) in propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids levels, accompanied by a decrease (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of tryptamine and NH3 in cecal digesta. ESBM had no discernible effect on cecal microbial composition. In summary, substitution of soybean meal with ESBM effectively improved the growth performance of piglets by enhancing nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier and cecal microbial fermentation characteristics, with the optimal replacement level identified at 4%

The construction of a nomogram to predict the prognosis and recurrence risks of UPJO

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to explore the risk factors for the prognosis and recurrence of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).MethodsThe correlation of these variables with the prognosis and recurrence risks was analyzed by binary and multivariate logistic regression. Besides, a nomogram was constructed based on the multivariate logistic regression calculation. After the model was verified by the C-statistic, the ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the sensitivity of the model. Finally, the decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to estimate the clinical benefits and losses of intervention measures under a series of risk thresholds.ResultsPreoperative automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), preoperative renal parenchymal thickness (RPT), Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score, and surgeon proficiency were the high-risk factors for the prognosis and recurrence of UPJO. In addition, a nomogram was constructed based on the above 5 variables. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8831 after self cross-validation, which validated that the specificity of the model was favorable.ConclusionThe column chart constructed by five factors has good predictive ability for the prognosis and recurrence of UPJO, which may provide more reasonable guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease