Table_1_Transcriptomics combined with metabolomics unveiled the key genes and metabolites of mycelium growth in Morchella importuna.XLSX

Morels (Morchella) are one of the most popular edible fungi in the world, especially known for their rich nutrition and delicious taste. Earlier research indicates that the production of fruiting bodies can be affected by the growth of mycelium. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying mycelium growth in Morchella importuna, we performed transcriptome analysis and metabolomics analysis of three growth stages of the hypha of M. importuna. As a result, 24 differentially expressed genes, such as transketolase (tktA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), fructose-diphosphate aldolase (Fba), and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (rpiA), as well as 15 differentially accumulated metabolites, including succinate and oxaloacetate, were identified and considered as the key genes and metabolites to mycelium growth in M. importuna. In addition, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine-5′-monophosphate (GMP), and several small peptides were found to differentially accumulate in different growth stages. Furthermore, five pathways, namely, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fructose and mannose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and purine nucleotides, enriched by most DEGs, existed in the three compared groups and were also recognized as important pathways for the development of mycelium in morels. The comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics data generated in our study provided valuable information for understanding the mycelium growth of M. importuna, and these data also unveiled the key genes, metabolites, and pathways involved in mycelium growth. This research provides a great theoretical basis for the stable production and breeding of morels.</p

Sodium Iron(II) Pyrosilicate Na₂Fe₂Si₂O₇: A Potential Cathode Material in the Na₂O‑FeO-SiO₂ System

As lithium-ion battery technology becomes widely popular with increasing demand for efficient energy-storage devices for a wide range of applications, the scarcity of lithium resources poses a concern for increasing costs. Replacing lithium with much more abundant sodium in combination with abundant transition metals such as iron (instead of traditionally used cobalt or nickel) as the charge compensation center in the cathode materials is expected to make large-scale battery technology a reality. To activate iron as a reversible redox center, oxyanions (<i>X</i>O₄)^<i>n</i>− have been introduced to stabilize the structures and raise the redox potentials, and silicates (<i>X</i> = Si, <i>n</i> = 4) form the best candidate group in terms of abundance and cost. In this regard, we explored the Na₂O-FeO-SiO₂ pseudoternary system and identified a new phase, Na₂Fe₂Si₂O₇, with an efficient chemical composition for charge accumulation (Na/Fe = 1), providing a large one-electron theoretical capacity of 164.5 mAhg^–1 as a sodium-ion battery cathode

Table_4_Transcriptomics combined with metabolomics unveiled the key genes and metabolites of mycelium growth in Morchella importuna.XLSX

Morels (Morchella) are one of the most popular edible fungi in the world, especially known for their rich nutrition and delicious taste. Earlier research indicates that the production of fruiting bodies can be affected by the growth of mycelium. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying mycelium growth in Morchella importuna, we performed transcriptome analysis and metabolomics analysis of three growth stages of the hypha of M. importuna. As a result, 24 differentially expressed genes, such as transketolase (tktA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), fructose-diphosphate aldolase (Fba), and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (rpiA), as well as 15 differentially accumulated metabolites, including succinate and oxaloacetate, were identified and considered as the key genes and metabolites to mycelium growth in M. importuna. In addition, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine-5′-monophosphate (GMP), and several small peptides were found to differentially accumulate in different growth stages. Furthermore, five pathways, namely, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fructose and mannose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and purine nucleotides, enriched by most DEGs, existed in the three compared groups and were also recognized as important pathways for the development of mycelium in morels. The comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics data generated in our study provided valuable information for understanding the mycelium growth of M. importuna, and these data also unveiled the key genes, metabolites, and pathways involved in mycelium growth. This research provides a great theoretical basis for the stable production and breeding of morels.</p

Table_2_Transcriptomics combined with metabolomics unveiled the key genes and metabolites of mycelium growth in Morchella importuna.XLSX

Morels (Morchella) are one of the most popular edible fungi in the world, especially known for their rich nutrition and delicious taste. Earlier research indicates that the production of fruiting bodies can be affected by the growth of mycelium. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying mycelium growth in Morchella importuna, we performed transcriptome analysis and metabolomics analysis of three growth stages of the hypha of M. importuna. As a result, 24 differentially expressed genes, such as transketolase (tktA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), fructose-diphosphate aldolase (Fba), and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (rpiA), as well as 15 differentially accumulated metabolites, including succinate and oxaloacetate, were identified and considered as the key genes and metabolites to mycelium growth in M. importuna. In addition, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine-5′-monophosphate (GMP), and several small peptides were found to differentially accumulate in different growth stages. Furthermore, five pathways, namely, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fructose and mannose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and purine nucleotides, enriched by most DEGs, existed in the three compared groups and were also recognized as important pathways for the development of mycelium in morels. The comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics data generated in our study provided valuable information for understanding the mycelium growth of M. importuna, and these data also unveiled the key genes, metabolites, and pathways involved in mycelium growth. This research provides a great theoretical basis for the stable production and breeding of morels.</p

Sodium Iron(II) Pyrosilicate Na₂Fe₂Si₂O₇: A Potential Cathode Material in the Na₂O‑FeO-SiO₂ System

As lithium-ion battery technology becomes widely popular with increasing demand for efficient energy-storage devices for a wide range of applications, the scarcity of lithium resources poses a concern for increasing costs. Replacing lithium with much more abundant sodium in combination with abundant transition metals such as iron (instead of traditionally used cobalt or nickel) as the charge compensation center in the cathode materials is expected to make large-scale battery technology a reality. To activate iron as a reversible redox center, oxyanions (<i>X</i>O₄)^<i>n</i>− have been introduced to stabilize the structures and raise the redox potentials, and silicates (<i>X</i> = Si, <i>n</i> = 4) form the best candidate group in terms of abundance and cost. In this regard, we explored the Na₂O-FeO-SiO₂ pseudoternary system and identified a new phase, Na₂Fe₂Si₂O₇, with an efficient chemical composition for charge accumulation (Na/Fe = 1), providing a large one-electron theoretical capacity of 164.5 mAhg^–1 as a sodium-ion battery cathode

Data_Sheet_1_Transcriptomics combined with metabolomics unveiled the key genes and metabolites of mycelium growth in Morchella importuna.docx

Morels (Morchella) are one of the most popular edible fungi in the world, especially known for their rich nutrition and delicious taste. Earlier research indicates that the production of fruiting bodies can be affected by the growth of mycelium. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying mycelium growth in Morchella importuna, we performed transcriptome analysis and metabolomics analysis of three growth stages of the hypha of M. importuna. As a result, 24 differentially expressed genes, such as transketolase (tktA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), fructose-diphosphate aldolase (Fba), and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (rpiA), as well as 15 differentially accumulated metabolites, including succinate and oxaloacetate, were identified and considered as the key genes and metabolites to mycelium growth in M. importuna. In addition, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine-5′-monophosphate (GMP), and several small peptides were found to differentially accumulate in different growth stages. Furthermore, five pathways, namely, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fructose and mannose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and purine nucleotides, enriched by most DEGs, existed in the three compared groups and were also recognized as important pathways for the development of mycelium in morels. The comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics data generated in our study provided valuable information for understanding the mycelium growth of M. importuna, and these data also unveiled the key genes, metabolites, and pathways involved in mycelium growth. This research provides a great theoretical basis for the stable production and breeding of morels.</p

Table_3_Transcriptomics combined with metabolomics unveiled the key genes and metabolites of mycelium growth in Morchella importuna.XLSX

Morels (Morchella) are one of the most popular edible fungi in the world, especially known for their rich nutrition and delicious taste. Earlier research indicates that the production of fruiting bodies can be affected by the growth of mycelium. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying mycelium growth in Morchella importuna, we performed transcriptome analysis and metabolomics analysis of three growth stages of the hypha of M. importuna. As a result, 24 differentially expressed genes, such as transketolase (tktA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), fructose-diphosphate aldolase (Fba), and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (rpiA), as well as 15 differentially accumulated metabolites, including succinate and oxaloacetate, were identified and considered as the key genes and metabolites to mycelium growth in M. importuna. In addition, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine-5′-monophosphate (GMP), and several small peptides were found to differentially accumulate in different growth stages. Furthermore, five pathways, namely, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, fructose and mannose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and purine nucleotides, enriched by most DEGs, existed in the three compared groups and were also recognized as important pathways for the development of mycelium in morels. The comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics data generated in our study provided valuable information for understanding the mycelium growth of M. importuna, and these data also unveiled the key genes, metabolites, and pathways involved in mycelium growth. This research provides a great theoretical basis for the stable production and breeding of morels.</p

Effects of recombinant human IL-21 on the cytokine profiles of tree shrew spleen lymphocytes.

<p>*represents a statistically significant difference between two groups (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Antibody used in this study.

<p>Antibody used in this study.</p

The IL-21 expression in tree shrew samples.

<p>(A) Concentrations of IL-21 in supernatant from tree shrew spleen lymphocytes induced with ConA by ELISA. (B) Quantification of IL-21 mRNA expression in tree shrew spleen lymphocytes induced by ConA. *represents a significant difference compared to stimulation with ConA and the unstimulated negative control (<i>P</i><0.05). (C) The IL-21 expression of tree shrews spleen lymphocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by flow cytometry staining.</p