Direct In Situ Quantification of HO₂ from a Flow Reactor

The first direct in situ measurements of hydroperoxyl radical (HO₂) at atmospheric pressure from the exit of a laminar flow reactor have been carried out using mid-infrared Faraday rotation spectroscopy. HO₂ was generated by oxidation of dimethyl ether, a potential renewable biofuel with a simple molecular structure but rich low-temperature oxidation chemistry. On the basis of the results of nonlinear fitting of the experimental data to a theoretical spectroscopic model, the technique offers an estimated sensitivity of <1 ppmv over a reactor exit temperature range of 398–673 K. Accurate in situ measurement of this species will aid in quantitative modeling of low-temperature and high-pressure combustion kinetics

Crystal Orientation Tuning of LiFePO₄ Nanoplates for High Rate Lithium Battery Cathode Materials

We report the crystal orientation tuning of LiFePO₄ nanoplates for high rate lithium battery cathode materials. Olivine LiFePO₄ nanoplates can be easily prepared by glycol-based solvothermal process, and the largest crystallographic facet of the LiFePO₄ nanoplates, as well as so-caused electrochemical performances, can be tuned by the mixing procedure of starting materials. LiFePO₄ nanoplates with crystal orientation along the <i>ac</i> facet and <i>bc</i> facet present similar reversible capacities of around 160 mAh g^–1 at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 C-rates but quite different ones at high C-rates. The former delivers 156 mAh g^–1 and 148 mAh g^–1 at 5 C-rate and 10 C-rate, respectively, while the latter delivers 132 mAh g^–1 and only 28 mAh g^–1 at 5 C-rate and 10 C-rate, respectively, demonstrating that the crystal orientation plays important role for the performance of LiFePO₄ nanoplates. This paves a facile way to prepare high performance LiFePO₄ nanoplate cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Summary of the genetic informativeness of 13 microsatellite markers in <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i>.

<p>Summary of the genetic informativeness of 13 microsatellite markers in <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i>.</p

Information on the 13 SSR primers.

<p>Information on the 13 SSR primers.</p

Success rate of CP in 257 progeny from 29 full-sib families in a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i> seed orchard.

<p>Success rate of CP in 257 progeny from 29 full-sib families in a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i> seed orchard.</p

Cluster profiles of protein functional clusters during somatic embryo development.

<p>A heat map of the log 2 relative abundance of proteins during SE in relation to the PEM stage was created with the iTRAQ-derived quantitative data. Proteins were grouped according to their known or putative biological functions. For each protein, accession number and protein description are provided. Yellow indicates upregulation, blue denotes downregulation, and black signifies zero difference. The grading represents the ratios of protein expression levels.</p

The development of cultured somatic embryos in <i>L</i>. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i>.

<p>Samples were imaged at three developmental stages: PEM (A, bar = 500μm; B, bar = 100μm), GE (C, bar = 200μm) and CE (D, bar = 500μm).</p

Cluster analysis of proteins differentially expressed during SE.

<p>Four clusters were generated to classify proteins during three time points: PEM stage, GE stage and CE stage. The membership values are used to assess how well a given entry fits the consensus profile and allows color coding cluster graph items according to their goodness of fit to the cluster consensus profile.</p

Assessment of parentage for 257 CP individuals from 29 full-sib families in a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i> seed orchard.

<p>Assessment of parentage for 257 CP individuals from 29 full-sib families in a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i> seed orchard.</p

Evaluation of efficiency of controlled pollination based parentage analysis in a <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i> Mayr. seed orchard

<div><p>Controlled pollination (CP) is an important tool for breeding programs to improve seed quality, as it rapidly generates desirable genotypes and maximizes genetic gains. However, few studies have evaluated the success rate of CP, especially in <i>Larix gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i> Mayr. seed orchards. In this study, we estimated the rate of correct parentage in 257 CP progeny in an <i>L</i>. <i>gmelinii</i> var. <i>principis-rupprechtii</i> seed orchard from ten candidate parents using 13 microsatellites. The parentage exclusion probabilities of all combined loci in the single parent and parent pair tests were > 0.99, which was sufficient to distinguish the relatedness of the sampled individuals. Comparing the maximum likelihood-based parentage analysis results with breeding records revealed that the percentages of correctly identified maternal and paternal parents were 22.6% and 35.0% at 95% CL, respectively, suggestive of parent mislabeling and pollen contamination in the CP population. We conducted a pedigree reconstruction by identifying the expected parents and assigned maternity, paternity, and parent pairs to 176 (68.5%), 199 (77.4%), and 132 (51.4%) progeny, respectively. This study provides a reference for future selection of elite genotypes for commercial production. To increase the efficiency of CP, molecular markers should be used to correctly identify individuals in seed orchards before conducting CP.</p></div