Correction to: Microbiome and nitrate removal processes by microorganisms on the ancient Preah Vihear temple of Cambodia revealed by metagenomics and N-15 isotope analyses

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Formation mechanism of 0.4-nm single-walled carbon nanotubes in A1PO(4)-5 crystals by low-temperature hydrocracking

The carbonization mechanism of tripropylamine (TPA) in low-temperature hydrocracking was studied with the aim of increasing the quality and filling density of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) produced in the channels of AlPO4-5 crystals. The conversion process of TPA was investigated using a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy at various hydro cracking temperatures. During the hydrocracking process, hydrogen participated in the cracking reaction of TPA and decreased the required activation energy. The protonated TPA converted into neutral TPA at 210 degrees C. When the hydrocracking temperature exceeded 260 degrees C, dipropylamine, n-propylamine, propylene, propane, ethane and methane were produced. The hydrocracking rate of TPA increased with increasing hydrocracking temperature. A small amount of aromatic compounds was also detected in the A1PO(4)-5 crystals hydrocracked at 280-350 degrees C; this amount decreased with increasing hydrocracking temperature. The content of residual TPA and amorphous carbon compounds in the AlPO4-5 crystals also decreased with increasing hydrocracking temperature. TPA decomposed completely after hydrocracking for 10 h at 350 degrees C. SWCNTs with a diameter of 0.4 nm were synthesized at 280-350 degrees C, and the filling density of SWCNTs increased with increasing hydrocracking temperature. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the channels of CoAPO-5 membrane by low-temperature hydrocracking

The defect-free CoAPO-5 membrane was fabricated on the porous alpha-Al(2)O(3 )substrate by using in-situ crystallization, and the prepared CoAPO-5 membrane was used as the template for the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) inside the liner channels (0.73 nm in diameter) by low-temperature hydrocracking, utilizing the organic precursor (tripmpylamine) as the carbon source. The results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the synthesized membrane covered tightly on the alpha-Al2O3 substrate was 50 mu m in thickness, which was composed of well-intergrown and randomly oriented CoAPO-5 molecular sieves. According to the characterization using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, polarized Raman scattering and thermal-gravimetric analysis, 0.4 nm SWCNTs were synthesized inside the zeolitic channels of the CoAPO-5 membrane, and 45.47% tripropylamine were successfully converted into SWCNTs after hydrocracking for 12 hat 350 degrees C. On the basis of N(2 )adsorption/desorption isotherms for the CoAPO-5 molecular sieves and SWCNTs/CoAPO-5 composite material, it can be concluded that the fraction of channels not containing SWCNTs in the resulting SWCNTs/CoAPO-5 composite membrane is small. The results of single-component pervaporation demonstrate that the inter-crystal defects in the as-synthesized SWCNTs/CoAPO-5 composite membrane are negligible

a highly concurrent process virtual machine based on event-driven process execution model

Existing orchestration and choreography process engines only serve for dedicate process languages and majority of them show rough performance under even moderate workloads which cause them incapable for practical use. To solve the problems, the Event-driven Process Execution Model (EPEM) is presented as the common process model and the formalization of EPEM is presented to guarantee the correctness and efficiency for process transformation. A Process Virtual Machine - Once PVM is implemented based on EPEM and extended to support execution of WS-BPEL. For evaluation, the performance of Once PVM is compared with existing orchestration engines including Active BPEL, Apache ODE and Oracle BPEL Process Manager. The experimental results indicate that Once PVM shows better scalability than other tested platforms especially under high workloads. © 2012 IEEE.IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Comm. Electron. Commer. (TCEC)Existing orchestration and choreography process engines only serve for dedicate process languages and majority of them show rough performance under even moderate workloads which cause them incapable for practical use. To solve the problems, the Event-driven Process Execution Model (EPEM) is presented as the common process model and the formalization of EPEM is presented to guarantee the correctness and efficiency for process transformation. A Process Virtual Machine - Once PVM is implemented based on EPEM and extended to support execution of WS-BPEL. For evaluation, the performance of Once PVM is compared with existing orchestration engines including Active BPEL, Apache ODE and Oracle BPEL Process Manager. The experimental results indicate that Once PVM shows better scalability than other tested platforms especially under high workloads. © 2012 IEEE

Catalytic activities of K-modified zeolite ZSM-5 supported rhodium catalysts in low-temperature steam reforming of bioethanol

Recently, zeolite materials have attracted attention as efficient catalysts for low-temperature steam reforming of bioethanol (SRE). However, cost-effective zeolite ZSM-5 materials, one of the most popular industrial reforming catalysts, were rarely reported for SRE. In this study, low-load rhodium (Rh) catalysts are prepared using commercial high-silica zeolite ZSM-5 as the supports. The commercial zeolite ZSM-5 has strong acidic sites that lead to fairly extensive dehydration of bioethanol. To generate basic sites and mesoporous structure, zeolite supports are modified by K ion exchange and alkali treatment. The effect of the physicochemical properties of the modified supports on low-temperature SRE reaction is investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD, XRF, TPD, NMR and N-2 adsorption. The results indicate that strong acidic sites in zeolite ZSM-5 can be effectively neutralized by K ion exchange, while basic sites in zeolite ZSM-5 are noticeably altered only by alkali treatment. The hydrogen selectivity can be significantly promoted by the alkalinity of the zeolite KZSM-5, however, only the moderate alkali-treated Rh/S2 catalyst retains its high activity during reaction. Our results appear to demonstrate the positive effect of the special zeolitic structure of the Rh/52 catalyst with uniform mesopores, which can improve the Rh dispersion and avoid its sintering. Moreover, there seem to be a unique synergy between the Rh active component and the alkali-treated zeolite support, which might result in the lowest CO selectivity at 300-400 degrees C. Copyright (C) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Deciphering Color Reflectance Data of a 520-kyr Sediment Core From the Southern Ocean : Method Application and Paleoenvironmental Implications

Sediment color reflectance contains important information on paleoenvironmental changes. Such data are routinely measured on sediment cores from the Southern Ocean. Their usefulness, however, is undervalued. Here for the first time, color reflectance of an ~520-kyr sediment core retrieved off Prydz Bay (East Antarctica) was intensively investigated to correlate sediment color changes to changes in sediment compositions. Total carbon, total organic carbon, X-ray fluorescence-derived Fe/Ti and Br/Ti ratios, water content and mineral composition of sediment from this core, and color reflectance of another two sediment cores retrieved nearby were analyzed in this study. The raw reflectance data were transformed into their first-order derivatives and subjected to factor analysis algorithms. A four-factor model was selected to unmix the data set, explaining >80% of the total data variance. Its robustness is supported by similar factor analysis results from the other two cores. The four factors represent (from Factors 1–4) pulses of sedimentary Mn enrichment and Fe3+/Fe2+ changes in clay minerals, relative content changes of colorless components, hematite and goethite, and water, respectively. Scores of Factor 1 show high spikes at glacial terminations, recording enhanced deglacial ventilation in the abyssal Southern Ocean. Scores of Factor 2 mainly reflect biogenic components and chlorite but are further complicated by refractory terrigenous organic carbon and Mn-oxides/-hydroxides. Higher Scores of Factor 3 occur mainly at peak interglacial intervals, associated with enhanced transport of sediment of Antarctic origin by oceanic currents. Water content (Factor 4) in the core sediment was significantly influenced by opal content and sediment grain size compositions

Deciphering Color Reflectance Data of a 520-kyr Sediment Core From the Southern Ocean : Method Application and Paleoenvironmental Implications

Sediment color reflectance contains important information on paleoenvironmental changes. Such data are routinely measured on sediment cores from the Southern Ocean. Their usefulness, however, is undervalued. Here for the first time, color reflectance of an ~520-kyr sediment core retrieved off Prydz Bay (East Antarctica) was intensively investigated to correlate sediment color changes to changes in sediment compositions. Total carbon, total organic carbon, X-ray fluorescence-derived Fe/Ti and Br/Ti ratios, water content and mineral composition of sediment from this core, and color reflectance of another two sediment cores retrieved nearby were analyzed in this study. The raw reflectance data were transformed into their first-order derivatives and subjected to factor analysis algorithms. A four-factor model was selected to unmix the data set, explaining >80% of the total data variance. Its robustness is supported by similar factor analysis results from the other two cores. The four factors represent (from Factors 1–4) pulses of sedimentary Mn enrichment and Fe3+/Fe2+ changes in clay minerals, relative content changes of colorless components, hematite and goethite, and water, respectively. Scores of Factor 1 show high spikes at glacial terminations, recording enhanced deglacial ventilation in the abyssal Southern Ocean. Scores of Factor 2 mainly reflect biogenic components and chlorite but are further complicated by refractory terrigenous organic carbon and Mn-oxides/-hydroxides. Higher Scores of Factor 3 occur mainly at peak interglacial intervals, associated with enhanced transport of sediment of Antarctic origin by oceanic currents. Water content (Factor 4) in the core sediment was significantly influenced by opal content and sediment grain size compositions

Research and Design of an Agricultural Scientific Instruments Classification and Code Management System

Part 1: GIS, GPS, RS and Precision FarmingInternational audienceAs China enlarged the investment in agriculture, the agricultural scientific instruments promoted rapidly. It required us to face the questions scientifically such as the procurement, management, resources sharing, evaluation and etc. in agricultural scientific instruments. Because of the lack of unified classification and code standards, it greatly limited the scientific procurement, efficient management, resources sharing evaluation in agricultural scientific instruments. Therefore, the existing classification and code standards cannot meet the demand also. This paper studies and develops the agricultural scientific instruments classification and the code management system based on B/S (Browser/Server) structure and ASP.NET technology. The database used the Microsoft SQL Server, the Server application used C#, the browser based on XHTML + JavaScript. This system on the basis of database, realized the inquiring mode in the fuzzy sense of four kinds of different ways to query data in agricultural scientific instruments. And it also supports the Chinese character automatically converts spell brief-code etc. This system has a significant effect on agricultural science instrument information management and sharing .It helps to improve the assets utilization rate and can regulate the state-owned assets management system also

CFLab: A MATLAB GUI program for decomposing sediment grain size distribution using Weibull functions

Curve fitting is a powerful tool that has been widely used to explore sediment grain size distributions. Open-source software designed for realization of the technique, however, is scarce. Here we provide a flexible and efficient MATLAB® GUI (Graphic User Interface) program CFLab (Curve Fitting Lab) to perform curve fitting on sediment grain size distributions using Weibull Probability Distribution Functions. CFLab deals with one grain size distribution each time. It considers the curve fitting problem as a problem of constrained nonlinear programming. In CFLab, an initial solution for this problem can be set either by designating a series of numbers for the undetermined parameters in the problem or by using a novel interactive strategy. The trust-region-reflective algorithm is used to solve the problem. Major results generated by CFLab include the percentages and grain size distributions of subpopulations fitting the raw grain size distribution data and many statistic parameters of the subpopulations calculated using two different methods. CFLab can be used to study a wide range of eolian and water-deposited sediments. A short case study is presented to demonstrate that the evolution of sediment grain size distributions in a specific sedimentary environment can be explored using CFLab