The neighbourhood structure in VND.

In this paper, we propose a new freight mode to describe how the designed HSR freight train serve for express delivery. We introduce the functions of the hubs and design the hybrid hub-and-spoke network of road-rail intermodal transportation from the perspective of planners, which features as single allocation rule and configures varying levels of hubs. The problem is accurately described by a mixed integer programming model with the objective to minimize total construction cost and total operation cost. We develop a hybrid heuristic algorithm based on a greedy strategy to obtain the levels of hubs, customer allocation and cargo routing. Taking the example of HSR freight network consisting of 50 cities in China, numerical experiments are conducted on the basis of forecasting data from the real-life express market to obtain the hub location schemes. The validity of the model and the performance of the algorithm are verified.</div

Test with three levels of construction cost.

In this paper, we propose a new freight mode to describe how the designed HSR freight train serve for express delivery. We introduce the functions of the hubs and design the hybrid hub-and-spoke network of road-rail intermodal transportation from the perspective of planners, which features as single allocation rule and configures varying levels of hubs. The problem is accurately described by a mixed integer programming model with the objective to minimize total construction cost and total operation cost. We develop a hybrid heuristic algorithm based on a greedy strategy to obtain the levels of hubs, customer allocation and cargo routing. Taking the example of HSR freight network consisting of 50 cities in China, numerical experiments are conducted on the basis of forecasting data from the real-life express market to obtain the hub location schemes. The validity of the model and the performance of the algorithm are verified.</div

Data_Sheet_2_Knock-Down of CsNRT2.1, a Cucumber Nitrate Transporter, Reduces Nitrate Uptake, Root length, and Lateral Root Number at Low External Nitrate Concentration.DOCX

<p>Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Nitrate (NO3-) is the most abundant N source in aerobic soils. Plants have evolved two adaptive mechanisms such as up-regulation of the high-affinity transport system (HATS) and alteration of the root system architecture (RSA), allowing them to cope with the temporal and spatial variation of NO3-. However, little information is available regarding the nitrate transporter in cucumber, one of the most important fruit vegetables in the world. In this study we isolated a nitrate transporter named CsNRT2.1 from cucumber. Analysis of the expression profile of the CsNRT2.1 showed that CsNRT2.1 is a high affinity nitrate transporter which mainly located in mature roots. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that CsNRT2.1 is a plasma membrane transporter. In N-starved CsNRT2.1 knock-down plants, both of the constitutive HATS (cHATS) and inducible HATS (iHATS) were impaired under low external NO3- concentration. Furthermore, the CsNRT2.1 knock-down plants showed reduced root length and lateral root numbers. Together, our results demonstrated that CsNRT2.1 played a dual role in regulating the HATS and RSA to acquire NO3- effectively under N limitation.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Knock-Down of CsNRT2.1, a Cucumber Nitrate Transporter, Reduces Nitrate Uptake, Root length, and Lateral Root Number at Low External Nitrate Concentration.PDF

<p>Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Nitrate (NO3-) is the most abundant N source in aerobic soils. Plants have evolved two adaptive mechanisms such as up-regulation of the high-affinity transport system (HATS) and alteration of the root system architecture (RSA), allowing them to cope with the temporal and spatial variation of NO3-. However, little information is available regarding the nitrate transporter in cucumber, one of the most important fruit vegetables in the world. In this study we isolated a nitrate transporter named CsNRT2.1 from cucumber. Analysis of the expression profile of the CsNRT2.1 showed that CsNRT2.1 is a high affinity nitrate transporter which mainly located in mature roots. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that CsNRT2.1 is a plasma membrane transporter. In N-starved CsNRT2.1 knock-down plants, both of the constitutive HATS (cHATS) and inducible HATS (iHATS) were impaired under low external NO3- concentration. Furthermore, the CsNRT2.1 knock-down plants showed reduced root length and lateral root numbers. Together, our results demonstrated that CsNRT2.1 played a dual role in regulating the HATS and RSA to acquire NO3- effectively under N limitation.</p

Elemental Mercury Capture from Flue Gas by a Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Adsorbent

As promising functional materials, ionic liquids have been widely used in flue gas purification and separation. Previous studies reported that ionic liquid based mixtures can be used for mercury removal due to their high economic efficiency and environmental friendliness. In comparison with ionic liquid based mixtures, a supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) adsorbent shows significantly improved mercury removal performance because of its greatly enhanced gas/liquid interfacial area. In this study, a novel supported task-specific ionic liquid phase adsorbent [C₄mim]­[FeCl₄]–SiO₂ was prepared for high efficiency elemental mercury capture from flue gas. The Hg⁰ removal performance was investigated in a bench-scale fixed bed reactor, and the reaction mechanism was proposed based on the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) test. The results showed that Hg⁰ removal was mainly due to the oxidation by [C₄mim]­[FeCl₄]. The addition of [C₄mim]­[FeCl₄] on SiO₂ in a certain composition range enhanced the Hg⁰ removal performance, and the optimized ionic liquid loading is 30%. The Hg⁰ removal by the adsorbent was favored at higher temperatures. TPD results showed that the mercury compound formed on the adsorbent was HgCl₂. The Hg⁰ removal mechanism involves combined physisorption and chemisorption, which consists of Hg⁰ oxidation to HgCl₂ by the ionic liquid and physical adsorption of HgCl₂ on the porous adsorbent