MOESM1 of Distinct expression profile of HCMV encoded miRNAs in plasma from oral lichen planus patients

Additional file 1. Additional method. Quantification of miRNAs by TaqMan probe-based RT-qPCR. Figure S1. Cq Values of U6 in plasma samples from 61 OLP patients and 51 healthy controls. Figure S2. Standard curves of 5 HCMV encoded miRNAs. Figure S3. Standard curve of recombinant plasmid that contained the HCMV target sequence. Figure S4. The overexpression efficiency of hcmv-miR-UL59 in HEK293 cells. Figure S5. The relative expression levels of hcmv-miR-UL59 in plasma exosome, RNase H treated exosome and Triton/RNase H treated exosome. Table S1. The relative expression levels of HCMV-encoded miRNAs in OLP patients and normal controls in the validation set. Table S2. The relative expression levels of HCMV-encoded miRNAs in OLP patients and normal controls. Table S3. The relative expression levels of HCMV-encoded miRNAs in the two different types of OLP patients and normal controls. Table S4. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of plasma HCMV miRNAs for OLP. Table S5. Targets of HCMV-encoded miRNAs

Magnetic fields transform the development of macrophage subsets.

<p>(A) Proportion of F4/80⁺ macrophage cells in PBMC was detected by flow cytometry. (B) The mean proportion of F4/80⁺ macrophage cells in PBMC for each group (Mean ± s.e.m.). **<i>P</i><0.01.</p

Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Enhance Antitumor Immune Response against Mouse H22 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Many studies have shown that magnetic fields (MF) inhibit tumor growth and influence the function of immune system. However, the effect of MF on mechanism of immunological function in tumor-bearing mice is still unclear.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In this study, tumor-bearing mice were prepared by subcutaneously inoculating Balb/c mice with hepatocarcinoma cell line H22. The mice were then exposed to a low frequency MF (0.4 T, 7.5 Hz) for 30 days. Survival rate, tumor growth and the innate and adaptive immune parameters were measured.</p><p>Results</p><p>MF treatment could prolong survival time (n = 28, p<0.05) and inhibit tumor growth (n = 9, p<0.01) in tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, this MF suppressed tumor-induced production of cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) (n = 9–10, p<0.05 or 0.01). Furthermore, MF exposure was associated with activation of macrophages and dendritic cells, enhanced profiles of CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, the balance of Th17/Treg and reduced inhibitory function of Treg cells (n = 9–10, p<0.05 or 0.01) in the mice model.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The inhibitory effect of MF on tumor growth was related to the improvement of immune function in the tumor-bearing mice.</p></div

Magnetic fields enhances the expression of CD40 in Dendritic Cell.

<p>Proportion of CD11c⁺ DC (A) and CD11c⁺CD40⁺ DC (B) in PBMC was detected by flow cytometry. (C) The mean proportion of CD11c⁺CD40⁺ DC in PBMC for each group (Mean ± s.e.m.). (D) The mean proportion of CD11c⁺CD40⁺ DC in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes for each group (Mean ± s.e.m.). *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 or ns = No significant difference.</p

Magnetic fields regulate Th17/Treg balance and down-regulate the inhibitory function of Treg cells in spleen.

<p>(A) Flow cytometry analysis of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cell populations in spleen. (B) Summarized data of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cell populations in spleen. (C) mRNA expression of T-bet, GATA3, RORγ and Foxp3 in splenic lymphocytes were detected by qPCR. (D) Inhibitory function of Treg cells in each group were detected by mixed lymphocyte reaction. (E) The mean mass of spleen for each group (Mean ± s.e.m.). *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001, or ns = No significant difference.</p

The name and primer sequences used in real-time PCR.

<p>GATA3, GATA binding protein 3; ROR, retinoid-related orphan receptor; FP, forward primer;RP, reverse primer.</p

Magnetic fields raise survival rate and inhibit tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice.

<p>(A) Statistical analyses of survival after subcutaneous challenge of Balb/c mice with H22 cells and treated with magnetic fields using log-rank test. Mice were treated by magnetic fields (MF) for 30 days, 2 h per day, and cared without magnetic fields for another 40 days. (B) The mean mass and volume of tumor for each group after treatment with magnetic fields 30 days. ***<i>P</i><0.001, Mann-Whitney U test. The Hematoxylin and eosin staining (C, 10×) and immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 (D) in tumors.</p

Magnetic field exposure system.

<p>Magnetic field exposure system.</p

Magnetic fields reverse levels of cytokines/chemokines in plasma of tumor-bearing mice.

<p>Bio-Plex was used to analyze cytokine/chemokine changes in mice plasma, (A) IL-6, (B) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), (C) IL-12p40, (D) Keratinocyte-derived Chemokine (KC), (E) IL-1α, (F) IL-1β, (G) IL-2, (H) IL-3, (I)IL-4, (J)Rantes, and (K) TNF-α (±s.e.m.). *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, or ns = No significant difference.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Enzymes and microorganisms jointly promote the fermentation of rapeseed cake.docx

Rapeseed cake is a by-product of rapeseed oil separation. The nutritional components of rapeseed cake mainly include a variety of carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. In order to improve the conversion rate of rapeseed cake, we studied the physicochemical properties, the structure of microbial communities, and the composition of metabolites in rapeseed cake after enzymatic fermentation. The results showed that the addition of enzymatic preparation increased microbial diversity. The relative abundance of Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Empedobacter, Debaryomyces, Hyphopichia, and Komagataella in enzymatic fermentation was significantly higher than that in natural fermentation. Unlike natural fermentation, microbial diversity during enzymatic fermentation is specific, which improves the efficiency of fermentation. Otherwise, enzymatic fermentation promotes the conversion of macromolecular substances in rapeseed cake, which increases small metabolites, such as fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives. The metabolite enrichment pathway is mostly concentrated in sugar metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, after adding enzymatic preparation, enzymes and microorganisms jointly promote the transformation of macromolecules during the fermentation of rapeseed cake, which laid a good foundation for further utilization of rapeseed cake.</p