Simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature based on a balloon-shaped bent SMF structure incorporating an LPG

A novel optical fiber sensor based on a balloon-shaped bent single-mode (BSBS) fiber structure incorporating a long-period grating (LPG) for simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature is described and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor is fabricated by splicing a BSBS fiber structure based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a long-period grating (LPG). The interference dip formed by the BSBS fiber structure is sensitive to external displacement and temperature variation, while that formed by an LPG only depends on temperature, displacement, and temperature and, therefore, can be unambiguously and simultaneously measured by this sensor. Experimental results show that this sensor offers a high displacement sensitivity of -306 pm/μ m over the displacement range of 0-80 μm and a temperature sensitivity of 42.9 pm/°C over the temperature range of 20-45 °C. Due to its high measurement sensitivities, low cost, and good repeatability, this sensor could be a realistic candidate for applications where displacement and temperature need to be measured simultaneousl

Strain sensor based on gourd-shaped single-mode-multimode-single-mode hybrid optical fibre structure

A fibre-optic strain sensor based on a gourd-shaped joint multimode fibre (MMF) sandwiched between two single-mode fibres (SMFs) is described both theoretically and experimentally. The cladding layers of the two MMFs are reshaped to form a hemisphere using an electrical arc method and spliced together, yielding the required gourd shape. The gourd-shaped section forms a Fabry-Perot cavity between the ends of two adjacent but non-contacting multimode fibres' core. The effectiveness of the multimode interference based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) formed within the multimode inter-fibre section is greatly improved resulting in an experimentally determined strain sensitivity of -2.60 pm/mu epsilon over the range 0-1000 mu epsilon. The sensing characteristics for temperature and humidity of this optical fibre strain sensor are also investigated. (C) 2017 Optical Society of Americ

High sensitivity temperature sensor based on singlemode no-core-singlemode fibre structure and alcohol

A high sensitivity temperature sensor based on a singlemode-no-core-singlemode (SNCS) fibre structure and surrounded with alcohol within a silica capillary is described. In this investigation, no-core fibre (NCF) is used as the multimode waveguide and alcohol is chosen as the temperature sensitive medium. By packaging the alcohol solution with a short length of NCF enclosed within a silica capillary, the surrounding temperature can be detected by monitoring the variations of transmission loss at a specific wavelength. The theoretical analysis predicts this temperature sensor can provide high sensitivity, and the experimental results support this. The maximum temperature sensitivity of the sample is 0.49 dB/°C with a potential temperature resolution of 0.02 °C at the operating wavelength of 1545.9 nm. In addition, the repeatability and response time of the sensor of this investigation are investigated experimentally

An in-fibre whispering-gallery modes microsphere resonator based integrated device

A novel in-fiber whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microsphere resonator-based integrated device is reported. It is fabricated by placing a silica microsphere into an embedded dual-core hollow fiber (EDCHF). Using a fiber tapering method, a silica microsphere can be placed and fixed in the transition section of the hollow core of the EDCHF. The transmitted light from the tapered-input single-mode fiber is coupled into the embedded silica microsphere via the two suspended fiber cores, and hence effectively excites the WGMs. A Q-factor of 5.54 × 103 is achieved over the wavelength range of 1100–1300 nm. The polarization and temperature dependence of the in-fiber WGM microsphere resonator device is also investigated experimentally. This integrated photonics device provides greatly improved mechanical stability, compared with the traditional tapered fiber-coupled WGM microresonator devices. Additional advantages include ease of fabrication, compact structure, and low cost. This novel in-fiberWGMresonator integrated device is ideally positioned to access a wide range of potential applications in optical sensing and microcavity lasing

DataSheet_1_Postoperative serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen predict overall survival in surgical patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.docx

BackgroundTumor markers are routinely used in clinical practice. However, for resectable patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), they are applied infrequently as their prognostic significance is incompletely understood.MethodsThis historical cohort study included 2769 patients with resected ESCC from 2011 to 2018 in a high-risk area in northern China. Their clinical data were extracted from the Electronic Medical Record. Survival analysis of eight common tumor markers was performed with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 39.5 months, 901 deaths occurred. Among the eight target markers, elevated postoperative serum SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma antigen) and CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen) predicted poor overall survival (SCC HRadjusted: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.70-4.17; CEA HRadjusted: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.14-4.86). In contrast, preoperative levels were not significantly associated with survival. Stratified analysis also demonstrated poorer survival in seropositive groups of postoperative SCC and CEA within each TNM stage. The above associations were generally robust using different quantiles of concentrations above the upper limit of the clinical normal range as alternative cutoffs. Regarding temporal trends of serum levels, SCC and CEA were similar. Their concentrations fell rapidly after surgery and thereafter remained relatively stable.ConclusionPostoperative serum SCC and CEA levels predict the overall survival of ESCC surgical patients. More importance should be attached to the use of these markers in clinical applications.</p