Objectively Assessed Exercise Behavior in Chinese Patients with Early-Stage Cancer: A Predictor of Perceived Benefits, Communication with Doctors, Medical Coping Modes, Depression and Quality of Life

<div><p>This study sought to identify factors associated with objectively assessed exercise behavior in Chinese patients with early-stage cancer. Three hundred and fifty one cancer patients were recruited from the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College and the Nantong Tumor Hospital. One-way ANOVA, Pearson Chi-square tests and regression analysis were employed to identify the correlations between physical exercise and the measured factors. The results showed that occupation type (<i>χ</i>² = 14.065; p = 0.029), monthly individual monthly income level (<i>χ</i>² = 24.795; p = 0.003), BMI (<i>χ</i>² = 15.709; p = 0.015) and diagnosis (<i>χ</i>² = 42.442; p <b><</b> 0.000) were significantly correlated with the subjects self-reported exercise with different frequency per week. Differences in the frequency of exercise were associated with different degrees of reported Benefit Finding (BF) (F = 24.651; p <b><</b> 0.000), communication with doctors (F = 15.285; p <b><</b> 0.000), medical coping modes (F = 45.912; p <b><</b> 0.000), social support (F = 2.938; p = 0.030), depression (F = 6.017; p <b><</b> 0.000), and quality of life (F = 12.288; p <b><</b> 0.000). Multiple regression analysis showed that 1.6%-6.4% of the variance in five variables, excluding social support and optimism could be explained by exercise. Our results indicated that benefit finding, medical coping modes, communication with doctors, social support, depression and quality of life were significantly correlated with exercise. The variance in several psychosocial factors (benefit finding, medical coping modes, the communication with doctors, depression and quality of life) could be explained by exercise. Psychosocial factors should be addressed and examined over time when evaluating the effect of physical exercise that is prescribed as a clinically relevant treatment.</p></div

Characteristics of participants.

<p>Characteristics of participants.</p

Participant characteristics.

<p>Participant characteristics.</p

Kidney tissue injury over time following 30min of bilateral renal ischenmia-reperfusion injury.

<p>C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham or bilateral ischemia by clamping the renal pedicles for 30 min and then removing the clamps and confirming reperfusion. Mice were sacrificed at various times and kidney samples were collected. (A and B) BUN and serum creatinine were measured to determine renal function.The data shown were the means±SD. n = 6 per group. *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs sham; **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs sham(C) Photomicrograps of H & E-stained kidney sections (200×). All fields were chosen form cortex and outer medulla. Tubular damage is marked with arrows.</p

Renal SDF-1 protein levels following LC treatment.

<p>Kidney homogenates from mice subjected to I/R injury and treated with LV or LC were analysed for SDF-1 protein using ELISA. LC treatment resulted in an increase of SDF-1 levels compared with the concentration found in homogenates from LV-treated animals that reached statistical significance (n  =  4-6 per group, **<i>P</i> <0.01). Animals were sacrificed 24 h following ischaemia.</p

SDF-1 protein levels after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

<p>(A)Levels of SDF-1 were determined by ELISA using whole-kidney homogenates obtained from sham-operated animals or animals sacrificed at Day 1, 3 or 7 following ischaemia. The amount of SDF-1 at Day 1 was significantly higher compared with that found in sham-operated mice, and with still significantly elevated levels at day 3. Values are means ± SD; n = 6 per group. **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs sham; *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs sham. (B) SDF-1 mRNA levels after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantification of SDF-1 mRNA showed a significant increase at day 1 after ischemia. Values are means ± SD; n = 6 per group. *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs sham.</p

Regional location of SDF-1 in I/R kidney. (A) Immunohistochemistry staining of SDF-1 in the kidney also showed that IR-induced expression of SDF-1 was further distributed into the surrounding corticomedullary and outer medullary region compared to sham-operated mice.

<p>The kidney sections from sham-operated mice were used as control. (upper panels original magnification 200×; bottom panels 400×). (B) Quantification of SDF-1 positive area. Values are means ± SD. **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs sham.</p

Tubular injury is attenuated in LC-treated mice (A) Histology of mice shows increased tubular injury in the LV+I/R group compared with LC+I/R. (200×).

<p>Tubular damage is marked with arrows.(B) Semiquantitative analysis of tubular damage in LC-treated and LV-treated kidney at 24h after reperfusion. Values are means ± SD; n = 6 per group. *<i>P</i> <0.05, vs I/R+LV. (C) Serum creatinine values are shown 24hours after I/R±macrophage infusion. **<i>P</i> <0.01, vs I/R+LV.</p

Proinflammatory macrophages accumulation following I/R.

<p>Photographs depicting macrophage in LV and LC treated mice exposed to sham operation or I/R. (arrows, 400×).</p