Karakterisasi Sifat Morfologi Dan Ketahanan Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Pada Beberapa Varietas Padi

Bacterial leaf blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is common disease on rice crop in Indonesia. Resistance variety when available, would be a good control measure to the disease, which could be easily adopted by farmers. Source of gene for resistance needs to be identified among rice genotypes, to be used as parents in the breeding program. This research was aimed to characterize the morphological traits and the degree of resistance among rice genotypes against Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The experiment was conducted at Sukamandi experimental field of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, during the wet season of 2012/2013 and dry season of 2013, using a randomized factorial design. The first factor was three Xoo pathotypes i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII, the second factor was 20 rice genotypes including three check varieties, i.e. Ciherang, Inpari 13, and Angke. Observations of morphological and agronomic characters were done on rice plants started from primordial to grain ripening phase. Observations on BLB disease severity were done by measuring the longest symptoms on the leaves at two, three, and four weeks after inoculation. The morphological characters of the isogenic lines showed moderate leaf surface type with an open habitus (60o). Plant height ranged from 99 to 190 cm, maturity between 109 to 157 days after sowing, and the number of tillers was 9-23 tillers/hill. Against the Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII, three genotypes of near isogenic lines i.e. IRBB 60, IRBB 61, and IRBB 55 each was resistance, not significantly different from resistance check variety Angke, in two cropping seasons. All three isogenic lines can be used as parent to develop new resistant variety to bacterial leaf blight

KERAGAAN AGRONOMI GALUR-GALUR PADI (Oryza sativa L.) KANDUNGAN Zn TINGGI DI DATARAN MEDIUM

Varietas padi bernutrisi tinggi memiliki kandungan nutrisi spesifik yang tinggi seperti Zn. Proses perakitan ini dilakukan melalui teknik pemuliaan konvensional dari tetua-tetua potensial sehingga dihasilkan galur-galur padi yang mengandung Zn tinggi. Akan tetapi produktivitasnya masih belum terlalu tinggi. Terdapat beberapa genotipe/galur kandungan Zn tinggi yang masih perlu diuji kesesuaian hasil di lokasi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi tentang keragaan agronomi, pertumbuhan dan hasil galur-galur padi (Oryza sativa L.) kandungan Zn tinggi di dataran medium. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2020 sampai dengan Maret 2021 (MH 2020) di IP2TP Kuningan, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yang terdiri dari 7 galur yaitu IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-17, IR 105730-B-4-1-1-SKI-3-SG-0, IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8, IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-7, IR 105730-B-64-1-1-SKI-1-SG-11, IR 105730-B-11-1-5-SKI-2-SG-0, IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-13, serta 3 varietas pembanding yaitu Inpari IR Nutri Zinc, Ciherang, Inpari 32. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur-galur yang diuji memiliki perbedaan nyata pada seluruh karakter agronomi dan hasil tanaman padi. Galur IR 105730-B-11-1-5-SKI-2-SG-0 menunjukkan jumlah anakan produktif terbanyak yaitu 20,47 batang per rumpun, jumlah malai terbanyak yaitu 21,50 buah, bobot 1000 butir tertinggi sebesar 30,45 gram, bobot gabah per rumpun tetinggi sebesar 54,67 gram. Hasil gabah kering giling galur IR 105730-B-11-1-5-SKI-2-SG-0 sebesar 4,52 t/ha, lebih tinggi dibandingkan seluruh varietas pembanding. Produktivitas yang tinggi ini diperoleh karena galur tersebut memiliki keragaan komponen hasil yang tinggi