Perception of Spanish teacher in the politeness forms carried out by her Chinese students

La didáctica de una lengua extranjera con éxito requiere no sólo la capacidad de enseñar a los aprendices los conocimientos linguisticos, pragmáticos, socioculturales, etc. de un docente, sino también una aproximación hacia las formulaciones linguisticas y pragmáticas que llevan a cabo los aprendices. El artículo trata de analizar las declaraciones de una profesora española de los alumnos sinófonos sobre unas marcas de cortesía específica en su interlengua al hablar español. A través del análisis discursivo del contenido temático de las declaraciones en una entrevista hemos podido acercarnos a la percepción que tiene esta docente sobre este aspecto.The teaching of a foreign language successfully requires not only able to teach linguistic, pragmatic, sociocultural knowledge. But also an approximation to the linguistic and pragmatic formulations carried out by apprentices. The article tries to analyze the statements of a Spanish teacher of her Chinese students on specific marks of politeness in their interlanguage when speaking Spanish. Through the discursive analysis of the thematic content of the statements in an interview, we have been able to approach the perception that this teacher has on this aspect

A Didactic Unit Model for Spanish-Language Leaners through Pronunciation Activities

Diseñar de forma adecuada y científica los materiales se considera imprescindible para la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. En cuanto a la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) en China, por ejemplo, se carecen libros con contenidos contextualizados y actividades cuya finalidad comunicativa para desarrollar las competencias comunicativas de los alumnos. En este artículo se presenta un modelo de unidad didáctica siguiendo al enfoque por tareas a través de la fonética. Está destinado a alumnos de ELE con nivel A2. A través de ello, los alumnos pueden conocer la gastronomía española, practicar la pronunciación, asimismo, desarrollar las destrezas lingüísticas.Appropriate and scientific design of the materials is considered essential for the teaching of foreign languages. Regarding the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) in China, for example, there is a lack of books with contextualized contents and activities to develop the communicative skills of the students. In this article we present a didactic unit model following the task approach through phonetics. It is destined for SFL students with A2 level. Through this unit, students can learn about Spanish cuisine, practice pronunciation; meanwhile develop their language skills

Spanish estimated level of Chinese students in the second year of degree

En los años recientes, a medida que más universidades chinas ofrecen la especialidad de Filología Española, ha habido más alumnos de español que pasan un año en instituciones españolas. Se considera se mejoraría la calidad del aprendizaje y enseñanza si se conociera bien el nivel de lengua de los alumnos antes de que empezaran cursos en el exterior. En este trabajo, mediante cuestionarios en los que los docentes valoran el nivel de español de sus alumnos de segundo año de licenciatura de universidades chinas se intenta estimar el nivel de español con referencia al MCER de estos alumnos.Recently, as more Chinese universities offer Spanish philology, there has been more opportunity of exchange for Chinese students of Spanish in abroad. However, the quality of teaching and learning would be improved if well knew the language level of the students before they began courses in abroad. In this work, through questionnaires in which teachers assess the level of spanish of his students in second year of degree in chinese universities, estimates the spanish level with reference to CEFR of these students

Inhibition of Bacterial Ammonia Oxidation by Organohydrazines in Soil Microcosms

Hydroxylamine oxidation by hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) is a key step for energy-yielding in support of the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Organohydrazines have been shown to inactivate HAO from Nitrosomonas europaea, and may serve as selective inhibitors to differentiate bacterial from archaeal ammonia oxidation due to the absence of bacterial HAO gene homolog in known ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). In this study, the effects of three organohydrazines on activity, abundance, and composition of AOB and AOA were evaluated in soil microcosms. The results indicate that phenylhydrazine and methylhydrazine at the concentration of 100 μmol g−1 dry weight soil completely suppressed the activity of soil nitrification. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting and sequencing analysis of bacterial ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene (amoA) clearly demonstrated that nitrification activity change is well paralleled with the growth of Nitrosomonas europaea-like AOB in soil microcosms. No significant correlation between AOA community structure and nitrification activity was observed among all treatments during the incubation period, although incomplete inhibition of nitrification activity occurred in 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine-amended soil microcosms. These findings show that the HAO-targeted organohydrazines can effectively inhibit bacterial nitrification in soil, and the mechanism of organohydrazine affecting AOA remains unclear

The unexpected magnetism in 2D group-IV-doped GaN for spintronic applications

In this study, the structural and magnetic properties of group-IV-doped monolayer GaN were systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. Among all the group-IV dopants, only Ge and Sn atoms prefer to substitute the Ga atom of monolayer GaN and form a buckling structure with a magnetic moment of 1 $\mu_B$ per dopant. The N-rich growth conditions are more desirable for such a substitution process than the Ga-rich grow conditions. With a large diffusion barrier vertical to the monolayer GaN, both Ge and Sn atoms tend to stay on the same side of monolayer GaN with an antiferromagnetic coupling between them. When intrinsic vacancies exist in monolayer GaN, the magnetic moments of group-IV dopants vanish due to the charge transferring from the dopants to Ga or N vacancies. The precondition creation of Ga vacancies, a plentiful supply of Ge or Sn dopants, and the N-rich conditions can be adopted to maintain the magnetic properties of group-IV-doped monolayer GaN. These theoretical results help to promote the applications of 2D GaN-based materials in spintronics