Appendix C. Equations of the average annual growth of stem volume for 15 dominant tree species on the Tibetan Plateau based on the measurements of 704 trees in this region and the neighboring provinces.

Equations of the average annual growth of stem volume for 15 dominant tree species on the Tibetan Plateau based on the measurements of 704 trees in this region and the neighboring provinces

Appendix B. Allometric regressions of live biomass for dominant tree species on the Tibetan Plateau.

Allometric regressions of live biomass for dominant tree species on the Tibetan Plateau

Appendix A. A description of the selected field plots of biomass and NPP on the Tibetan Plateau.

A description of the selected field plots of biomass and NPP on the Tibetan Plateau

Neighbor-joining-based phylogenetic tree of fern MADS-box proteins.

<p>The tree is unrooted. The symbols after the gene names indicate spermatophytes (open circles), gymnosperms (hatched circles), and pteridophytes (solid circles). DfMADS1 was grouped into the CRM1-like subfamily.</p

Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the DfMADS1 protein with those of other related MADS-box proteins of ferns (A). The MADS and K domains are underlined. Schematic of the MIKC-DfMADS protein in <i>D. fragrans</i> (B).

<p>Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the DfMADS1 protein with those of other related MADS-box proteins of ferns (A). The MADS and K domains are underlined. Schematic of the MIKC-DfMADS protein in <i>D. fragrans</i> (B).</p

Expressions of <i>DfMADS1</i> gene in various tissues and organs of <i>D. fragrans</i>.

<p>Total RNA from spores (Sp), mature gametophytes (MG), sporophytes (Spp), petiols (Pe), and roots (Rt) was used for semi-quantitative PCR and qRT-PCR analyses. Relative mRNA levels of the <i>DfMADS1</i> gene were normalized against 18S rRNA. Error bars indicate +/− standard errors from three biological replicates.</p

Expression of <i>DfMADS1</i> gene in the gametophytes of <i>D. fragrans</i>.

<p>Total RNA from the spore (Sp), young prothallus (YP), mature prothallus (MP), young sporophyte (YS), and aborted prothallus (AP) was used for qRT-PCR analysis. Error bars indicate +/− standard errors from three biological replicates.</p

Expression of <i>DfMADS1</i> gene in sporophytes of <i>D. fragrans</i>.

<p>Total RNA from young sporophytes (YS), young leaves (YL), leaf-young sporangium (L-YSp), and leaf-mature sporangium (L-MSp) was used for qRT-PCR analysis. Error bars indicate +/− standard errors from three biological replicates.</p

Additional file 1: of Combination therapy with protein kinase inhibitor H89 and Tetrandrine elicits enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy

Supplementary figures and figure legends. (DOCX 1246 kb

Formation of Core–Shell AuCu@Ag Nanocrystals through the Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect

Polymetallic nanocrystals (NCs) consist of multiple metal elements. A powerful platform to achieve the flexible construction of polymetallic NCs is highly desired but challenging. Herein, we devise a model system that realizes metal atom diffusion between different NCs, resulting in the formation of polymetallic NCs. The differential bond strength between different metal atoms is proposed to initiate such metal atom diffusion, and the specific high surface-to-volume ratio of the NCs can expedite the diffusion process. Taking the Au–Cu–Ag trimetallic system as an example, core–shell AuCu@Ag NCs were successfully formed by combining AgCu NCs with Au NCs. The evolution process was explored, and the gradual fusion of simple NCs into AuCu@Ag NCs was unambiguously observed, which could be attributed to the larger bond strength of Au–Cu than that of Ag–Cu. This work offers an opportunity/platform in theory and experiment to expand the synthesis framework as well as the polymetallic NC list