Klinisch-radiologische Nachuntersuchung nach zementfreier Implantation des CLS-Schaftes von Spotorno® und des Weill®-Ringes : 17-Jahre Follow-up

Between February 1987 and November 1988, a consecutive series of the CLS Spotor-no® stem (107 prostheses) were implanted in combination with 86 rough-blasted threaded Weill® cups (83%). The average-age of the patients at the time of surgical treatment was 50 years (range 19–67 years). 80 out of 107 stems (86%) and 67 out of 86 cups (78%) were available for a clinical examination [Harris Hip Score (HHS)] after an average of 17.1 years (range 16,7–17,9 years). In addition, radiographs were available from 65 out of 80 examined stems (81,3%) and 55 out of 63 unrevised cups (83%) were analyzed for radiolucency, stress shielding, stem and cup migration, heterotopic ossification and polyethylene (pe) wear.Im Zeitraum zwischen Februar 1987 und November 1988 wurden 94 Patienten (107 Prothesen) in der Orthopädischen Universitätsklinik Erlangen mit einer Hüfttotalendop-rothese (Hüft-TEP) versorgt. In allen Fällen kam der CLS-Schaft von Spotorno® zu-sammen mit verschiedenen Pfannenkomponenten zum Einsatz, zum Großteil in Kom-bination mit dem grob-gestrahlten Weill®-Ring (86 Pfannen/ 83%). Das Alter der Patien-ten betrug zum Zeitpunkt der Operation durchschnittlich 50 Jahre (19-67 Jahre). In der vorliegenden retrospektiven 17-Jahres Untersuchung wurden noch insgesamt 80 von 107 Schäfte (71 Patienten/ 86%) und 67 von 86 Pfannen (61 Patienten/ 78%) unter Zuhilfenahme des Harris-Hip-Scores (HHS) klinisch evaluiert. Darüber hinaus waren bei 65 von den 80 Schäften (59 Patienten/ 81,3%) und bei 55 von 63 Pfannen (50 Pati-enten/ 87%) aktuelle Röntgenaufnahmen verfügbar. Die Prothesen wurden im Hinblick auf Osteolysezonen, Stress-shielding, Schaft- und Pfannenmigration, heterotope Ossifikationen und Polyethylen-Verschleiß analysiert

Learning to become an online editor: the editathon as a learning environment

This study explores Wikipedia as a site for learning. In particular it traces how people learn to become Wikipedia editors through engagement in an editathon, a training event for people who want to become a volunteer editor. The study is original in its emphasis on the various types of knowledge editors acquire as they develop expertise. Determining the knowledge needed to contribute to Wikipedia is significant in terms of understanding Wikipedia as a site for learning. Data was gathered from nine participants who took part in an ‘editathon’ event on the theme of the Edinburgh Seven. The study used a rigorous methodology, combining quantitative social network analysis, documenting the online activity of participants as they created and edited Wikipedia pages, with qualitative interviews, which recorded participants reflections on their participation in the editathon. A key finding is that conceptual and procedural knowledge are representative of the foundational knowledge needed to contribute to Wikipedia actively as an editor. However, this knowledge on its own is not sufficient. Editors also develop socio-cultural and relational knowledge forms of knowledge to enable them to operate and problem-solve effectively. The relationship between the physical and the digital is important, since socio-cultural and relational knowledge are developed through active experimentation as the editathon engage with physical objects to create the online wiki pages

Disproportional Effects in Populations of Concern for Pandemic Influenza: Insights from Seasonal Epidemics in Wisconsin, 1967-2004

Influenza infections pose a serious burden of illness in the United States. We explored age, influenza strains, and seasonal epidemic curves in relation to influenza associated mortality

International Financial Reporting Standards and Earnings Quality: The Myth of Voluntary vs. Mandatory Adoption

We revisit evidence whether incentives or IFRS drive earnings quality changes, analyzing a large sample of German firms in the period from 1998 to 2008. Consistent with previous studies we find that voluntary and mandatory adopters differ distinctively in terms of essential firm characteristics and that size, leverage, age, bank ownership and ownership concentration influenced the decision to voluntarily adopt IFRS. However, regardless of the decision to voluntarily adopt IFRS, we find that conditional conservatism increased under IFRS for both groups of adopters, while evidence does not suggest an increase in value relevance under IFRS. Results on earnings management in the post-adoption period are mixed. While income smoothing decreases for voluntary but not for mandatory adopters, discretionary accruals only decrease for mandatory but not for voluntary adopters. However, further analyses suggest that the capital market environment and the economic cycle during the adoption period seem to be a more powerful explanation for this evidence than voluntary or mandatory IFRS adoption. Therefore, we conclude that incentives to voluntarily adopt IFRS did not unambiguously dominate accounting standards in determining earnings quality in the case of German firms

Clinical-radiological follow-up concerning the Spotorno CLS-Stem and the Weill-cup : 17-years follow-up

Im Zeitraum zwischen Februar 1987 und November 1988 wurden 94 Patienten (107 Prothesen) in der Orthopädischen Universitätsklinik Erlangen mit einer Hüfttotalendop-rothese (Hüft-TEP) versorgt. In allen Fällen kam der CLS-Schaft von Spotorno® zu-sammen mit verschiedenen Pfannenkomponenten zum Einsatz, zum Großteil in Kom-bination mit dem grob-gestrahlten Weill®-Ring (86 Pfannen/ 83%). Das Alter der Patien-ten betrug zum Zeitpunkt der Operation durchschnittlich 50 Jahre (19-67 Jahre). In der vorliegenden retrospektiven 17-Jahres Untersuchung wurden noch insgesamt 80 von 107 Schäfte (71 Patienten/ 86%) und 67 von 86 Pfannen (61 Patienten/ 78%) unter Zuhilfenahme des Harris-Hip-Scores (HHS) klinisch evaluiert. Darüber hinaus waren bei 65 von den 80 Schäften (59 Patienten/ 81,3%) und bei 55 von 63 Pfannen (50 Pati-enten/ 87%) aktuelle Röntgenaufnahmen verfügbar. Die Prothesen wurden im Hinblick auf Osteolysezonen, Stress-shielding, Schaft- und Pfannenmigration, heterotope Ossifikationen und Polyethylen-Verschleiß analysiert.Between February 1987 and November 1988, a consecutive series of the CLS Spotor-no® stem (107 prostheses) were implanted in combination with 86 rough-blasted threaded Weill® cups (83%). The average-age of the patients at the time of surgical treatment was 50 years (range 19–67 years). 80 out of 107 stems (86%) and 67 out of 86 cups (78%) were available for a clinical examination [Harris Hip Score (HHS)] after an average of 17.1 years (range 16,7–17,9 years). In addition, radiographs were available from 65 out of 80 examined stems (81,3%) and 55 out of 63 unrevised cups (83%) were analyzed for radiolucency, stress shielding, stem and cup migration, heterotopic ossification and polyethylene (pe) wear

An Interpretable Attention-based Method for Gaze Estimation Using Electroencephalography

Eye movements can reveal valuable insights into various aspects of human mental processes, physical well-being, and actions. Recently, several datasets have been made available that simultaneously record EEG activity and eye movements. This has triggered the development of various methods to predict gaze direction based on brain activity. However, most of these methods lack interpretability, which limits their technology acceptance. In this paper, we leverage a large data set of simultaneously measured Electroencephalography (EEG) and Eye track- ing, proposing an interpretable model for gaze estimation from EEG data. More specifically, we present a novel attention-based deep learning framework for EEG signal analysis, which allows the network to focus on the most relevant information in the signal and discard problematic channels. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the presented framework, demonstrating its superiority over current methods in terms of accuracy and robustness. Finally, the study presents visualizations that explain the results of the analysis and highlights the potential of attention mechanism for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of EEG data analysis in a variety of applications

Selective Hypoxia-Sensitive Oxomer Formation by FIH Prevents Binding of the NF-κB Inhibitor IκBβ to NF-κB Subunits

Pharmacologic inhibitors of cellular hydroxylase oxygen sensors are protective in multiple preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation are only partly understood, preventing clinical translation. We previously proposed a new mechanism for cellular oxygen sensing: oxygen-dependent, (likely) covalent protein oligomer (oxomer) formation. Here, we report that the oxygen sensor factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) forms an oxomer with the NF-κB inhibitor β (IκBβ). The formation of this protein complex required FIH enzymatic activity and was prevented by pharmacologic inhibitors. Oxomer formation was highly hypoxia-sensitive and very stable. No other member of the IκB protein family formed an oxomer with FIH, demonstrating that FIH-IκBβ oxomer formation was highly selective. In contrast to the known FIH-dependent oxomer formation with the deubiquitinase OTUB1, FIH-IκBβ oxomer formation did not occur via an IκBβ asparagine residue, but depended on the amino acid sequence VAERR contained within a loop between IκBβ ankyrin repeat domains 2 and 3. Oxomer formation prevented IκBβ from binding to its primary interaction partners p65 and c-Rel, subunits of NF-κB, the master regulator of the cellular transcriptional response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. We therefore propose that FIH-mediated oxomer formation with IκBβ contributes to the hypoxia-dependent regulation of inflammation

Epidemiology of meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in children in Bulgaria: a prospective, population-based surveillance study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) among children in Bulgaria and to provide evidence for an informed decision on the use of Hib vaccines in Bulgaria. METHODS: From 1 July 1997 to 31 December 1999, active surveillance for meningitis was conducted in six regions. For children with suspected meningitis, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen was sent for cytology, chemistry, latex agglutination testing, culture and sensitivity. FINDINGS: During the 2.5-year study period, surveillance was conducted among 138 249 children aged <5 years - a sample representing 40% of all Bulgarian children in this age group. Overall, 285 children with suspected meningitis were identified. In eight children, clinical symptoms of meningitis resolved rapidly before a CSF specimen could be obtained. Of the remaining 277 children, 121 (44%) were classified as having probable bacterial meningitis on the basis of a CSF examination. An organism was identified for 88 (73%) of the 121 cases with probable bacterial meningitis. There were 21 cases of Hib, giving a mean annual incidence of 6.1 Hib meningitis cases per 100 000 children <5 years; the case-fatality rate was 10%. Nearly 60% of Hib isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics, but they were not resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these findings, Hib conjugate vaccines have been included in the list of vaccines recommended for children by the Bulgarian Ministry of Health. The recommended initial treatment for paediatric bacterial meningitis has been changed to third-generation cephalosporins