Three-Component Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Regioselective Electrochemical Dialkylation of Alkenes

The cross-electrophile dialkylation of alkenes enables the formation of two C­(sp3)–C­(sp3) bonds from readily available starting materials in a single transformation, thereby providing a modular and expedient approach to building structural complexity in organic synthesis. Herein, we exploit the disparate electronic and steric properties of alkyl halides with varying degrees of substitution to accomplish their selective activation and addition to alkenes under electrochemical conditions. This method enables regioselective dialkylation of alkenes without the use of a transition-metal catalyst and provides access to a diverse range of synthetically useful compounds

Ratio of healthcare providers to patients measured as the number of providers per 100 patients according to service site.

<p>Ratio of healthcare providers to patients measured as the number of providers per 100 patients according to service site.</p

Associations between the number of deaths per 100 person years and the number of healthcare providers per 100 patients.

<p>X axis represents number of health workers (per 100 patients), y axis represents number of events (per 100 patients).</p

Associations between the number of patients lost to follow-up per 100 person years and the number of healthcare providers per 100 patients.

<p>X axis represents number of health workers (per 100 patients), y axis represents number of events (per 100 patients).</p

Characteristics of sample and characteristics of participants classified by CES-D-10.

<p>Characteristics of sample and characteristics of participants classified by CES-D-10.</p

Agreement between CES-D-10 and CES-D-20.

*<p>CES-D-10: the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as defined in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040793#pone-0040793-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a>.</p>*<p>CES-D-20: the 20 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040793#pone-0040793-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a>.</p><p>Kappa Statistic (with 95% CI)  = 0.82 (0.77–0.87).</p><p>Sensitivity (with 95% CI)  = 91%(87%–94%).</p><p>Specificity (with 95% CI)  = 92%(88%–95%).</p><p>Positive predictive value (with 95% CI)  = 92%(89%–95%).</p><p>Negative predictive value (with 95% CI)  = 90%(86%–94%).</p

Factor Structure of CES-D-10.

*<p>CES-D-10: the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as defined in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040793#pone-0040793-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a>.</p

Health-related quality-of-life and receipt of women-centered HIV care among women living with HIV in Canada

We measured health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using the SF-12 among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Canada between August 2013 and May 2015. We investigated differences by perceived receipt of women-centered HIV care (WCHC), assessed using an evidence-based definition with a 5-point Likert item: "Overall, I think that the care I have received from my HIV clinic in the last year has been women-centered" (dichotomized into agree vs. disagree/neutral). Of 1308 participants, 26.3 percent were from British Columbia, 48.2 percent from Ontario, and 25.5 percent from Québec. The median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 36-51). Most (42.2 percent) were White, 29.4 percent African/Caribbean/Black, and 21.0 percent Indigenous. Overall, 53.4 percent perceived having received WCHC. Mean physical and mental HRQOL scores were 43.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 14.4) and 41.7 (SD = 14.2), respectively. Women perceiving having received WCHC had higher mean physical (44.7; SD = 14.0) and mental (43.7; SD = 14.1) HRQOL scores than those not perceiving having received WCHC (42.9; SD = 14.8 and 39.5; SD = 14.0, respectively; p < .001). In multivariable linear regression, perceived WCHC was associated with higher mental (β = 3.48; 95 percent confidence interval: 1.90, 5.06) but not physical HRQOL. Improving HRQOL among Canadian WLWH, which was lower than general population estimates, is needed, including examining the potential of WCHC as an effective model of clinical care.</p