American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: update 2010.

In 2009, the American Cancer Society (ACS) Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee began the process of a complete update of recommendations for early prostate cancer detection. A series of systematic evidence reviews was conducted focusing on evidence related to the early detection of prostate cancer, test performance, harms of therapy for localized prostate cancer, and shared and informed decision making in prostate cancer screening. The results of the systematic reviews were evaluated by the ACS Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee, and deliberations about the evidence occurred at committee meetings and during conference calls. On the basis of the evidence and a consensus process, the Prostate Cancer Advisory Committee developed the guideline, and a writing committee drafted a guideline document that was circulated to the entire committee for review and revision. The document was then circulated to peer reviewers for feedback, and finally to the ACS Mission Outcomes Committee and the ACS Board of Directors for approval. The ACS recommends that asymptomatic men who have at least a 10-year life expectancy have an opportunity to make an informed decision with their health care provider about screening for prostate cancer after they receive information about the uncertainties, risks, and potential benefits associated with prostate cancer screening. Prostate cancer screening should not occur without an informed decision-making process. Men at average risk should receive this information beginning at age 50 years. Men in higher risk groups should receive this information before age 50 years. Men should either receive this information directly from their health care providers or be referred to reliable and culturally appropriate sources. Patient decision aids are helpful in preparing men to make a decision whether to be tested

Capabilities and plans for preequilibrium nuclear reaction measurements at target-4 at LAMPF (Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility)

The Target-4 neutron source at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) has recently been commissioned and used as a )open quotes)white)close quotes) source of fast neutrons from 1 to 500 MeV. A 90-meter flight path at a neutron production angle of 15 degrees has been characterized for neutron flux and spectral shape. The flux and shape agree well with calculated values showing that this is indeed an intense and useful white neutron source. Initial measurements of the /sup 12/C(n,p) reaction at forward angles have been made in the energy range 50 to 500 MeV. The results point the way to improve detector schemes and to a program of (n,p) cross section measurements in the energy range where preequilibrium processes dominate much of the charged-particle emission spectra. 3 refs., 2 figs

Aktuelle Befunde des IÖR-Monitors zur Flächenneuinanspruchnahme in Deutschland

Der Monitor der Siedlungs- und Freiraumentwicklung (IÖR-Monitor) stellt seit 2008 jährlich bundesweite Indikatoren zur quantitativen und qualitativen Charakterisierung der Flächennutzungsstruktur bereit. Die Indikatoren können zur Bewertung der Erreichung von Nachhaltigkeitszielen herangezogen werden. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei Indikatoren mit Bezug zur Flächennutzung, die in der Nationalen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie benannt und mit Zielvorgaben hinsichtlich einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung untersetzt werden. Dazu gehören die Flächenneuinanspruchnahme für Siedlung und Verkehr, welche in diesem Beitrag mit Messwerten und Zeitreihen aus dem IÖR-Monitor hinterlegt und analysiert wird