Bayesian phylogenetic tree from analysis of the combined mtDNA dataset.

<p>Posterior probabilities associated with major nodes are indicated in bold. Branch lengths represent expected substitutions per site. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. Results of the PTP analysis are provided using colored branches. Monophyletic groups in red indicate a single putative species as well as terminal branches in black. Names of terminals indicate codes of the samples and the GenBank number follows the names when sequences were obtained from Genbank. Names in bold after a | symbol are taxonomic or geographic identifiers of the putative species.</p

Genetic clustering of <i>Cephus cinctus</i> across North America using 5 microsatellites.

<p>A. Neighbor-joining tree based on the chord distances of Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards (1967) computed between the sampled populations. B. Above. Graphical representation of population genetic structure estimated by the Bayesian clustering approach implemented in Structure software. Provinces / states are indicated above the plots whereas sampling localities below. Each individual is represented by a vertical line and the proportion of each color corresponds to the percentage of coancestry in each genetic cluster. B. Below. Map of collections in the North America. Each location is represented by a pie chart showing ancestry (<i>Q</i>) among three genetic clusters as determined by analysis with Structure. Pie chart sizes are proportional to sample size. C. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot based on the genetic distance among the different populations. Each population is colored according to the Structure clustering (<i>K</i> = 3).</p

Comparison for each gene (above diagonal: <i>16S</i> and below diagonal: <i>COI</i>) of the average pairwise divergences (<i>p</i>-distance, expressed as a %) between the different groups used in the study.

<p>Comparison for each gene (above diagonal: <i>16S</i> and below diagonal: <i>COI</i>) of the average pairwise divergences (<i>p</i>-distance, expressed as a %) between the different groups used in the study.</p

Bayesian phylogenetic tree from analysis of the <i>COI</i> sequences of North American <i>Cephus cinctus</i>.

<p>Posterior probabilities associated with major nodes are indicated in bold. Branch lengths represent expected substitutions per site. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. <i>Cephus fumipennis</i> was used as outgroup.</p

Indices of genetic diversity per clusters identified in SAMOVA, Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu’s <i>Fs</i> statistics.

<p>Indices of genetic diversity per clusters identified in SAMOVA, Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu’s <i>Fs</i> statistics.</p

Phylogenetic relationships and genetic clustering <i>Cephus cinctus</i> across North America using a mitochondrial marker (<i>COI</i>).

<p>A. <i>COI</i> mitochondrial network of the North American <i>Cephus cinctus</i>. Each circle corresponds to one haplotype; circle size gives the proportion of individuals belonging to the haplotype. The color inside each circle represents the host and indicates the proportion of individuals sampled in the different hosts. Each link between circles indicates one mutational event. Black circles represent missing intermediate haplotypes. B. Geographic locations of <i>Cephus cinctus</i> samples used in the mtDNA phylogeography and distribution of <i>COI</i> haplogroups. Pie chart sizes are proportional to sample size and each haplogroup is colored according to the results of Bayesian tree and haplotype network. Dotted white lines represent the three groups identified by the SAMOVA.</p