The cross validation and testing results of the age-dependent body profile model on four subgroups—Females younger than 50 years old, females older than 50 years old, males younger than 50 years old, and males older than 50 years old.

<p>V: Cross Validation (TMUH); T: Testing (SHH); AHI: Apnea hypopnea index; Acc: Accuracy; Sen: Sensitivity; Spe: Specificity; AUC: area under curve; LR+: positive likelihood ratio; LR-: negative likelihood ratio; n: case number.</p

The Spearman correlation coefficients of different collected parameters with the sleep apnea severity in the TMUH database.

<p>Three subgroups are selected from the database–all patients, males only and females only. BQ: Berlin questionnaire; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; BMI: Body mass index; *: the p-value is less than 0.05 between male and female within the TMUH database.</p

The distribution of demographic information and collected parameters in the TMUH and SHH databases.

<p>AHI: Apnea hypopnea index; BMI: Body mass index; BQ: Berlin questionnaire; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; *: the p-value is less than 0.05 between male and female within the TMUH database; #: the p-value is less than 0.05 between male and female within the SHH database.</p

Higher Particulate Matter Deposition in Alveolar Region Could Accelerate Body Fat Accumulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate associations of particulate matter (PM) of less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and PM deposition with nocturnal changes in body composition in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. A bioelectric impedance analysis was used to measure the pre- and postsleep body composition of 185 OSA patients. Annual exposure to PM2.5 was estimated by the hybrid kriging/land-use regression model. A multiple-path particle dosimetry model was employed to estimate PM deposition in lung regions. We observed that an increase in the interquartile range (IQR) (1 μg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with a 20.1% increase in right arm fat percentage and a 0.012 kg increase in right arm fat mass in OSA (p < 0.05). We observed that a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM deposition in lung regions (i.e., total lung region, head and nasal region, tracheobronchial region, and alveolar region) was associated with increases in changes of fat percentage and fat mass of the right arm (β coefficient) (p < 0.05). The β coefficients decreased as follows: alveolar region > head and nasal region > tracheobronchial region > total lung region (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that an increase in PM deposition in lung regions, especially in the alveolar region, could be associated with nocturnal changes in the fat percentage and fat mass of the right arm. PM deposition in the alveolar region could accelerate the body fat accumulation in OSA

sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231205744 - Supplemental material for Machine learning approaches for predicting sleep arousal response based on heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, and body profiles

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231205744 for Machine learning approaches for predicting sleep arousal response based on heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, and body profiles by Chih-Fan Kuo, Cheng-Yu Tsai, Wun-Hao Cheng, Wen-Hua Hs, Arnab Majumdar, Marc Stettler, Kang-Yun Lee, Yi-Chun Kuan, Po-Hao Feng, Chien-Hua Tseng, Kuan-Yuan Chen and Jiunn-Horng Kang, Hsin-Chien Lee, Cheng-Jung Wu, Wen-Te Liu in DIGITAL HEALTH</p

Data_Sheet_1_Associations between risk of Alzheimer's disease and obstructive sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia, and arousal responses: A pilot study.docx

ObjectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, potential associations among sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxia, and OSA-induced arousal responses should be investigated. This study determined differences in sleep parameters and investigated the relationship between such parameters and the risk of AD.MethodsPatients with suspected OSA were recruited and underwent in-lab polysomnography (PSG). Subsequently, blood samples were collected from participants. Patients' plasma levels of total tau (T-Tau) and amyloid beta-peptide 42 (Aβ42) were measured using an ultrasensitive immunomagnetic reduction assay. Next, the participants were categorized into low- and high-risk groups on the basis of the computed product (Aβ42 × T-Tau, the cutoff for AD risk). PSG parameters were analyzed and compared.ResultsWe included 36 patients in this study, of whom 18 and 18 were assigned to the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The average apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), apnea, hypopnea index [during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep], and oxygen desaturation index (≥3%, ODI-3%) values of the high-risk group were significantly higher than those of the low-risk group. Similarly, the mean arousal index and respiratory arousal index (R-ArI) of the high-risk group were significantly higher than those of the low-risk group. Sleep-disordered breathing indices, oxygen desaturation, and arousal responses were significantly associated with an increased risk of AD. Positive associations were observed among the AHI, ODI-3%, R-ArI, and computed product.ConclusionsRecurrent sleep-disordered breathing, intermittent hypoxia, and arousal responses, including those occurring during the NREM stage, were associated with AD risk. However, a longitudinal study should be conducted to investigate the causal relationships among these factors.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Associations of the distance-saturation product and low-attenuation area percentage in pulmonary computed tomography with acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.docx

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has high global health concerns, and previous research proposed various indicators to predict mortality, such as the distance-saturation product (DSP), derived from the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and the low-attenuation area percentage (LAA%) in pulmonary computed tomographic images. However, the feasibility of using these indicators to evaluate the stability of COPD still remains to be investigated. Associations of the DSP and LAA% with other COPD-related clinical parameters are also unknown. This study, thus, aimed to explore these associations.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 111 patients with COPD from northern Taiwan. Individuals’ data we collected included results of a pulmonary function test (PFT), 6MWT, life quality survey [i.e., the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and COPD assessment test (CAT)], history of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), and LAA%. Next, the DSP was derived by the distance walked and the lowest oxygen saturation recorded during the 6MWT. In addition, the DSP and clinical phenotype grouping based on clinically significant outcomes by previous study approaches were employed for further investigation (i.e., DSP of 290 m%, LAA% of 20%, and AECOPD frequency of ≥1). Mean comparisons and linear and logistic regression models were utilized to explore associations among the assessed variables.ResultsThe low-DSP group (ConclusionA lower value of the DSP was related to a greater worsening of symptoms, more-frequent exacerbations, poorer pulmonary function, and more-severe emphysema (higher LAA%). These readily determined parameters, including the DSP and LAA%, can serve as indicators for assessing the COPD clinical course and may can serve as a guide to corresponding treatments.</p