9 research outputs found
Antimicrobial Amino-Functionalized Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Eliminating Multidrug-Resistant Species in Dual-Modality Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging under Two-Photon Excitation
Developing
a nanomaterial, for use in highly efficient dual-modality
two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) involving reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generation and for use as a two-photon imaging contrast probe,
is currently desirable. Here, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) doped with
nitrogen and functionalized with an amino group (amino-N-GQDs) serving
as a photosensitizer in PDT had the superior ability to generate ROS
as compared to unmodified GQDs. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) species
were completely eliminated at an ultralow energy (239.36 nJ pixel<sup>–1</sup>) through only 12 s two-photon excitation (TPE) in
the near-infrared region (800 nm). Furthermore, the amino-N-GQDs had
an absorption wavelength of approximately 800 nm, quantum yield of
0.33, strong luminescence, an absolute cross section of approximately
54 356 Göeppert–Mayer units, a lifetime of 1.09
ns, a ratio of the radiative to nonradiative decay rates of approximately
0.49, and high two-photon stability under TPE. These favorable properties
enabled the amino-N-GQDs to act as a two-photon contrast probe for
tracking and localizing analytes through in-depth two-photon imaging
in a three-dimensional biological environment and concurrently easily
eliminating MDR species through PDT
Copper-Nitrogen-Coordinated Carbon Dots: Transformable Phototheranostics from Precise PTT/PDT to Post-Treatment Imaging-Guided PDT for Residual Tumor Cells
Phototheranostics
has attracted considerable attention in the fields
of cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the complete eradication
of solid tumors using traditional phototheranostics is difficult because
of the limited depth and range of laser irradiation. New phototheranostics
enabling precise phototherapy and post-treatment imaging-guided programmed
therapy for residual tumors is urgently required. Accordingly, this
study developed a novel transformable phototheranostics by assembling
hyaluronic acid (HA) with copper-nitrogen-coordinated carbon dots
(CDs). In this transformable nanoplatform, named copper-nitrogen-CDs@HA,
the HA component enables the specific targeting of cluster determinant
(CD) 44-overexpressing tumor cells. In the tumor cells, redox glutathione
converts Cu(II) (cupric ions) into Cu(I) (cuprous ions), which confers
the novel transformable functionality to phototheranostics. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal that
the near-infrared-light-photoactivated CuII-N-CDs@HA could
target CD44-overexpressing tumor cells for precise synergistic photothermal
therapy and photodynamic therapy. This study is the first to observe
that CuII-N-CDs@HA could escape from lysosomes and be transformed in situ into CuI-N-CDs@HA in tumor cells, with
the d9 electronic configuration of Cu(II) changing to the
d10 electronic configuration of Cu(I), which turns on their
fluorescence and turns off their photothermal properties. This transformable
phototheranostics could be used for post-treatment imaging-guided
photodynamic therapy on residual tumor cells. Thus, the rationally
designed copper-nitrogen-coordinated CDs offer a simple in
situ transformation strategy for using multiple-stimulus-responsive
precise phototheranostics in post-treatment monitoring of residual
tumor cells and imaging-guided programmed therapy
Additional file 2 of Moonlighting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein of Lactobacillus gasseri attenuates allergic asthma via immunometabolic change in macrophages
Additional file 2. Details of RNA-seq analysis
Additional file 1 of Moonlighting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein of Lactobacillus gasseri attenuates allergic asthma via immunometabolic change in macrophages
Additional file 1. Details of the identification of the anti-allergy fraction, IE3-3G1, from L. gasseri
Additional file 4 of Moonlighting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein of Lactobacillus gasseri attenuates allergic asthma via immunometabolic change in macrophages
Additional file 4. Raw data of sub-fraction IE3-3G1 proteomics analysis using LC–MS/MS
Additional file 3 of Moonlighting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein of Lactobacillus gasseri attenuates allergic asthma via immunometabolic change in macrophages
Additional file 3: Table S1. Experimental protocol of ion-exchange chromatography. Table S2. Experimental protocol of size-exclusion chromatography. Table S3. Data collection and refinement statistics of the LGp40 crystal. Figure S1. IL-12p40 levels of crude extracts used to stimulate mouse BMDC. Figure S2. Ion-exchange chromatography of crude extracts on a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column. Figure S3. IL-12p40 levels of IE1-1 to IE4-2 fractions (fractions from ion-exchange chromatography) used to stimulate mouse BMDC. Figure S4. Size-exclusion chromatography of fractions from crude extract IE1 on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. Figure S5. Size-exclusion chromatography of fractions from crude extract IE2 on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. Figure S6. Size-exclusion chromatography of fractions from crude extract IE3 on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. Figure S7. Identification and purification of sub-fraction IE3-3G1. Figure S8. GAPDH derived from probiotics and pathogens are dissimilar. Figure S9. RNA-seq analysis showed differentially regulated gene expression between LGp40 and CDp40-stimulated BMDM. Figure S10. The plasminogen interaction and plasmin activation ability of LGp40 decreased when the GAPDH activity was lost
Effect of Size-Dependent Photodestructive Efficacy by Gold Nanomaterials with Multiphoton Laser
The photostability, photodestructive
efficacy, two-photon excitation cross section, and two-photon fluorescence
of gold nanoparticles conjugated with a hydrophilic photosensitizer,
indocyanine green, via multiphoton laser exhibited an increased size
effect in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and A549 cancer cells that was dependent on the size of multifunctional
gold nanomaterials, but the effect only occurred when nanomaterials
within 100 nm in diameter were used. Besides, the enhanced effectiveness
of photodestruction, photostability, and contrast probe indicated
an additive effect in the therapeutic and imaging efficiency of multifunctional
gold nanomaterials. Consequently, the preparation of the multifunctional
gold nanomaterials and their use in biomedical applications via multiphoton
laser is an alternative and potential therapeutic approach for killing
bacteria and for ablating cancer cells
MOESM1 of Graphene oxide conjugated with polymers: a study of culture condition to determine whether a bacterial growth stimulant or an antimicrobial agent?
Additional file 1: Figure S1. FTIR spectra. Figure S2. FTIR spectra. Figure S3. The oxidation of GSH by GO sheets and GO-based materials. Figure S4. The ROS assays. Table S1. Instruments with different functions are used to characterize materials. Figure S5. The mean lateral size
Two-Photon Photoexcited Photodynamic Therapy and Contrast Agent with Antimicrobial Graphene Quantum Dots
A graphene quantum
dot (GQD) used as the photosensitizer with high two-photon absorption
in the near-infrared region, a large absolute cross section of two-photon
excitation (TPE), strong two-photon luminescence, and impressive two-photon
stability could be used for dual modality two-photon photodynamic
therapy (PDT) and two-photon bioimaging with an ultrashot pulse laser
(or defined as TPE). In this study, a GQD efficiently generated reactive
oxygen species coupled with TPE, which highly increased the effective
PDT ability of both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, with ultralow
energy and an extremely short photoexcitation time generated by TPE.
Because of its two-photon properties, a GQD could serve as a promising
two-photon contrast agent for observing specimens in depth in three-dimensional
biological environments while simultaneously proceeding with PDT action
to eliminate bacteria, particularly in multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
This procedure would provide an efficient alternative approach to
easily cope with MDR bacteria