364 research outputs found
(E)-N′-[1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-phenoxyacetohydrazide–2,2′-(1,1′-azinodiethylidyne)diphenol (2/1)
The formula unit of the title molecular complex, 2C16H16N2O3·C16H16N2O2, consists of two (E)-N′-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-phenoxyacetohydrazide molecules and one molecule of 2,2′-(1,1′-azinodiethylidyne)diphenol, with the latter located on a crystallographic inversion center. The acetohydrazide molecules are linked into a supermolecular chain along the c axis by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. There are also intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds in both the acetohydrazide and diphenol molecules
An Algorithm for Cold Patch Detection in the Sea off Northeast Taiwan Using Multi-Sensor Data
Multi-sensor data from different satellites are used to identify an upwelling area in the sea off northeast Taiwan. Sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from infrared and microwave, as well as sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data derived from satellite altimeters are used for this study. An integration filtering algorithm based on SST data is developed for detecting the cold patch induced by the upwelling. The center of the cold patch is identified by the maximum negative deviation relative to the spatial mean of a SST image within the study area and its climatological mean of each pixel. The boundary of the cold patch is found by the largest SST gradient. The along track SSHA data derived from satellite altimeters are then used to verify the detected cold patch. Applying the detecting algorithm, spatial and temporal characteristics and variations of the cold patch are revealed. The cold patch has an average area of 1.92 × 104 km2. Its occurrence frequencies are high from June to October and reach a peak in July. The mean SST of the cold patch is 23.8 °C. In addition to the annual and the intraseasonal fluctuation with main peak centered at 60 days, the cold patch also has a variation period of about 4.7 years in the interannual timescale. This implies that the Kuroshio variations and long-term and large scale processes playing roles in modifying the cold patch occurrence frequency
Local Magnetic Field Role in Star Formation
We highlight distinct and systematic observational features of magnetic field
morphologies in polarized submm dust continuum. We illustrate this with
specific examples and show statistical trends from a sample of 50 star-forming
regions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the EAS Proceedings of the 6th
Zermatt ISM Symposium "Conditions and Impact of Star Formation from Lab to
Space", September 201
Exercise Training Improves the Altered Renin-Angiotensin System in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Hypertensive Rats
Pyrazole compound BPR1P0034 with potent and selective anti-influenza virus activity
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Influenza viruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. More recently, a swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus that is spreading via human-to-human transmission has become a serious public concern. Although vaccination is the primary strategy for preventing infections, influenza antiviral drugs play an important role in a comprehensive approach to controlling illness and transmission. In addition, a search for influenza-inhibiting drugs is particularly important in the face of high rate of emergence of influenza strains resistant to several existing influenza antivirals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched for novel anti-influenza inhibitors using a cell-based neutralization (inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect) assay. After screening 20,800 randomly selected compounds from a library from ChemDiv, Inc., we found that BPR1P0034 has sub-micromolar antiviral activity. The compound was resynthesized in five steps by conventional chemical techniques. Lead optimization and a structure-activity analysis were used to improve potency. Time-of-addition assay was performed to target an event in the virus life cycle.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The 50% effective inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of BPR1P0034 was 0.42 ± 0.11 μM, when measured with a plaque reduction assay. Viral protein and RNA synthesis of A/WSN/33 (H1N1) was inhibited by BPR1P0034 and the virus-induced cytopathic effects were thus significantly reduced. BPR1P0034 exhibited broad inhibition spectrum for influenza viruses but showed no antiviral effect for enteroviruses and echovirus 9. In a time-of-addition assay, in which the compound was added at different stages along the viral replication cycle (such as at adsorption or after adsorption), its antiviral activity was more efficient in cells treated with the test compound between 0 and 2 h, right after viral infection, implying that an early step of viral replication might be the target of the compound. These results suggest that BPR1P0034 targets the virus during viral uncoating or viral RNA importation into the nucleus.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, BPR1P0034 is the first pyrazole-based anti-influenza compound ever identified and characterized from high throughput screening to show potent (sub-μM) antiviral activity. We conclude that BPR1P0034 has potential antiviral activity, which offers an opportunity for the development of a new anti-influenza virus agent.</p
Overcoming Insulin Insufficiency by Forced Follistatin Expression in β -cells of db/db Mice
Diabetes poses a substantial burden to society as it can lead to serious complications and premature death. The number of cases continues to increase worldwide. Two major causes of diabetes are insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency. Currently, there are few antidiabetic drugs available that can preserve or protect β-cell function to overcome insulin insufficiency in diabetes. We describe a therapeutic strategy to preserve β-cell function by overexpression of follistatin (FST) using an AAV vector (AAV8-Ins-FST) in diabetic mouse model. Overexpression of FST in the pancreas of db/db mouse increased β-cell islet mass, decreased fasting glucose level, alleviated diabetic symptoms, and essentially doubled lifespan of the treated mice. The observed islet enlargement was attributed to β-cell proliferation as a result of bioneutralization of myostatin and activin by FST. Overall, our study indicates overexpression of FST in the diabetic pancreas preserves β-cell function by promoting β-cell proliferation, opening up a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of diabetes
Multi-scale physical properties of NGC 6334 as revealed by local relative orientations between magnetic fields, density gradients, velocity gradients, and gravity
We present ALMA dust polarization and molecular line observations toward 4
clumps (I(N), I, IV, and V) in the massive star-forming region NGC 6334. In
conjunction with large-scale dust polarization and molecular line data from
JCMT, Planck, and NANTEN2, we make a synergistic analysis of relative
orientations between magnetic fields (), column density
gradients (), local gravity (), and
velocity gradients () to investigate the multi-scale
(from 30 pc to 0.003 pc) physical properties in NGC 6334. We find that
the relative orientation between and
changes from statistically more perpendicular to
parallel as column density () increases, which is a signature
of trans-to-sub-Alfv\'{e}nic turbulence at complex/cloud scales as revealed by
previous numerical studies. Because and
are preferentially aligned within the NGC 6334 cloud, we
suggest that the more parallel alignment between and
at higher is because the magnetic
field line is dragged by gravity. At even higher , the angle
between and or
transits back to having no preferred orientation or
statistically slightly more perpendicular, suggesting that the magnetic field
structure is impacted by star formation activities. A statistically more
perpendicular alignment is found between and
throughout our studied range, which
indicates a trans-to-sub-Alfv\'{e}nic state at small scales as well. The
normalised mass-to-flux ratio derived from the polarization-intensity gradient
(KTH) method increases with .Comment: 35 pages, 18 figures. Accepted by Ap
- …