The extraction of natural essential oils and terpenoids from plants by supercritical fluid

In order to provide guidance for the improvement of supercritical fluid extraction technology in the extraction of natural volatile oil and terpenoids from plants, SFE was compared with steam distillation, solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, pressure method and other traditional extraction processes, and the supercritical CO2 extraction conditions of SFE in the extraction of natural volatile oil and terpenoids were studied, including temperature, pressure, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time, extraction time and so on. The influence of entrainer or co extractant on the extraction effect was discussed to provide optimization parameters for the extraction process of natural volatile oil and terpenoids. SFE technology has advantages in the extraction of natural plant volatile oil and has broad application prospects in industrial production

Dichlorido[N-(2-pyridylmethyl­idene)benzene-1,4-diamine]zinc(II)

In the title compound, [ZnCl2(C12H11N3)], the ZnII atom is four-coordinated by two N atoms from an N-(2-pyridylmethyl­ene)benzene-1,4-diamine ligand and two Cl atoms in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. In the crystal, the complex mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional layer structure parallel to (110)

Postoperative Recovery Outcomes for Obese Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

PurposeThis study was performed to assess the postoperative recovery outcomes in obese patients undergoing general anesthesia.MethodsThe eligible studies were identified from PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library until December 2020. The standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the role of desflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol on recovery outcomes, and the analyses using the random-effects model.ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials involving 713 obese patients undergoing general anesthesia were selected for final meta-analysis. We noted desflurane was associated with a shorter time to eye-opening than sevoflurane (SMD: −0.86; 95% CI, −1.43 to −0.28; P = 0.003). The use of desflurane with shorter time to extubation as compared with propofol (SMD: −1.13; 95% CI, −1.52 to −0.73; P < 0.001) or sevoflurane (SMD: −1.19; 95% CI, −2.15 to −0.22; P = 0.016), while sevoflurane was associated with longer time to extubation as compared with propofol (SMD: 1.47; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.91; P < 0.001). Desflurane were associated with shorter time to stating name as compared with propofol (SMD: −1.40; 95% CI, −2.32 to −0.48; P = 0.003) or sevoflurane (SMD: −2.09; 95% CI, −3.33 to −0.85; P = 0.001). In addition, desflurane was associated with a longer time for orientation to place as compared with propofol (SMD: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.07; P = 0.003), while desflurane with shorter time for orientation to place as compared with sevoflurane (SMD: −0.88; 95% CI, −1.46 to −0.30; P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe use of desflurane could provide better recovery outcomes in obese patients undergoing general anesthesia. Further large-scale trials should be comparison the long-term effectiveness of various anesthetics

FeCl3-Catalyzed Propargylation-Cycloisomerization Tandem Reaction: A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted Furans

An efficient FeCl3-catalyzed tandem propargylation-cycloisomerization reaction of propargylic alcohols or acetates with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, leading to the synthesis of substituted furans, has been developed.National Natural Science Foundation of China [20772098, 30572250]; Fujian Province Universit

Computed tomography angiography assessment of the degree of simple coarctation of the aorta and its relationship with surgical outcome: A retrospective analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the degree of aortic coarctation and surgical prognosis in infants with simple coarctation of the aorta (CoA) using computed tomography angiography (CTA).MethodsThis study was a retrospective study. Twenty-seven infants with simple CoA who underwent surgical correction from January 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled. Aortic diameters were measured at five different levels and normalized to Z scores based on the square root of body surface area. The relevant data were collected and analyzed, and the predictors associated with surgical outcome were determined.ResultsPatients were divided into the mild CoA group and the severe CoA group according to the severity of coarctation. The mechanical ventilation duration and the length of ICU stay in the mild CoA group were significantly lower than those in the severe CoA group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the degree of aortic coarctation was a significant risk factor for a prolonged postoperative ICU stay. In addition, gestational age and age at operation were risk factors for a prolonged postoperative ICU stay. Correlation analysis showed that the degree of aortic coarctation correlated with the Z scores of the ascending aorta and postcoarctation aorta.ConclusionThe degree of the CoA is an important predictor of surgical outcomes in infants with simple CoA and was significantly correlated with the ascending aorta and postcoarctation aorta Z scores. Therefore, preoperative CTA should be routinely performed to assess the degree of aortic coarctation and better identify risk factors

LAMP: a micro-satellite based soft X-ray polarimeter for astrophysics

The Lightweight Asymmetry and Magnetism Probe (LAMP) is a micro-satellite mission concept dedicated for astronomical X-ray polarimetry and is currently under early phase study. It consists of segmented paraboloidal multilayer mirrors with a collecting area of about 1300 cm^2 to reflect and focus 250 eV X-rays, which will be detected by position sensitive detectors at the focal plane. The primary targets of LAMP include the thermal emission from the surface of pulsars and synchrotron emission produced by relativistic jets in blazars. With the expected sensitivity, it will allow us to detect polarization or place a tight upper limit for about 10 pulsars and 20 blazars. In addition to measuring magnetic structures in these objects, LAMP will also enable us to discover bare quark stars if they exist, whose thermal emission is expected to be zero polarized, while the thermal emission from neutron stars is believed to be highly polarized due to plasma polarization and the quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect. Here we present an overview of the mission concept, its science objectives and simulated observational results

Effector Avr4 in Phytophthora infestans Escapes Host Immunity Mainly Through Early Termination

Effector genes play critical roles in the antagonistic interactions between plants and pathogens. However, knowledge of mutation mechanisms and evolutionary processes in effector genes and the contribution of climatic factors to the evolution of effector genes are fragmented but important in sustainable management of plant diseases and securing food supply under changing climates. Here, we used a population genetic approach to explore the evolution of the Avr4 gene in Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato blight. We found that the Avr4 gene exhibited a high genetic diversity generated by point mutation and sequence deletion. Frameshifts caused by a single base-pair deletion at the 194th nucleotide position generate two stop codons, truncating almost the entire C-terminal, which is important for effector function and R4 recognition in all sequences. The effector is under natural selection for adaptation supported by comparative analyses of population differentiation (F-ST ) and isolation-by-distance between Avr4 sequences and simple sequence repeat marker loci. Furthermore, we found that local air temperature was positively associated with pairwise F-ST in the Avr4 sequences. These results suggest that the evolution of the effector gene is influenced by local air temperature, and the C-terminal truncation is one of the main mutation mechanisms in the P. infestans effector gene to circumvent the immune response of potato plants. The implication of these results to agricultural and natural sustainability in future climate conditions is discussed