Survival curves of those with major depression or any depressive disorder among women with symptomatic menopausal transition and the control group.

<p>Survival curves of those with major depression or any depressive disorder among women with symptomatic menopausal transition and the control group.</p

Medical comorbidity at enrollment and during the whole follow-up period among women with symptomatic menopausal transition (n = 5837) and the control group (n = 23,348).

<p>Medical comorbidity at enrollment and during the whole follow-up period among women with symptomatic menopausal transition (n = 5837) and the control group (n = 23,348).</p

Distribution of characteristics of women with symptomatic menopausal transition and the control group.

<p>Major depression: 296.2X and 296.3X.</p><p>Any depressive disorder: 296.2X, 296.3X, 300.4, and 311.</p

Flow diagram of sample selection.

<p>Flow diagram of sample selection.</p

Mediation analysis showing the development of major metabolic diseases as a mediator leading psychiatrist-diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD) to subsequent stroke incidences in 5015 Taiwan inhabitants, 2001–2009.

*<p><i>p</i><0.05, statistically significant.</p

Kaplan Meier survival plots among MDD patients with stratified responses to antidepressants.

<p>DTT patients (red lines) did not differ from ITT (green lines) or ETT (blue lines) patients with respect to stroke (A) and HTN (B), but trended higher in developing hyperlipidemia (C) and had significantly more risks of developing DM (D) over time. Axis-X represents the time in years, and axis-Y the percentage survival. A log-rank test was used to compare the between-group survival distributions and a value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p

Kaplan Meier survival plots for MDD and non-MDD subjects.

<p>Patients with MDD (blue lines) were more likely to suffer from stroke (A), HTN (B), hyperlipidemia (C), but not DM (D) over time than normal subjects (red lines). Axis-X represents the time in years, and axis-Y the percentage survival. A log-rank test was used to compare the between-group survival distributions and a value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p

Demographic data, clinical variables and comorbidities of major metabolic diseases and stroke in depressed patients and normal controls.

<p>Note. ER, emergency room; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus.</p>a<p>Rankings of ER visits for affective problems: 2^nd in ETT, 1^st in ITT and 1^st in DTT.</p>b<p>ANOVA analysis, post-hoc (LSD): <b>^Φ</b>DTT > ETT, ^¶ DTT > ITT, <b>^§</b> ITT > ETT,<b>^¥</b>DTT < ETT,<b>^{<>\vskip -2pt\scale 60%\raster="rg2"<>}</b>DTT < ITT.</p>c<p>Chi-square test.</p>d<p>Independent <i>t</i>-test.</p>*<p>p<0.05,</p>**<p>p<0.005,</p>†<p>p<0.10 (values in bold: p<0.05).</p

Temporal relationship between stroke and major metabolic diseases in 3 depression groups with stratified responses to antidepressants.

<p>Note. Data shown as N (%); HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus.</p>a<p>All = concurrent hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus.</p>b<p>Within-group analysis by chi-square.</p>c<p>Between-group analysis by fisher’s exact tests.</p>*<p>p<0.05,</p>**<p>p<0.005.</p

The D7H mutation decreases the redox activity of Aβ42 in metal reduction assay.

<p>Reduction of Cu²⁺ to Cu⁺ was performed by BCA assay. Freshly prepared 10 μM Aβ42_wt and Aβ42_D7H were mixed with BCA solution containing 4% CuSO₄ to perform the redox activity assay. Data were presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3), ***<i>P</i><0.0001.</p